Jan- to Dec-2023

Editorial
Dr. Manjil Hazarika
Guest Editor
Academic Editor and Assistant Professor
Department of Archaeology
Cotton University,
Assam - India

By: Dr. Manjil Hazarika

Page No : i-iii

North East India and South East Asia: Tracing the Historical Linkages

By: Nani G. Mahanta , Mrigakhee Saikia

Page No : 1-14

Abstract
The present article is an attempt to understand the historical and cultural linkages of North East India and South East Asia, perceived in the light of its connections as well as diversities. Based on literary as well as archaeological evidence the paper examines the close cultural interactions and exchanges between these regions since the distant past and which has shaped much of the histories of this part of Asia. Despite the present containment drawn by political boundaries, notions of shared history and regional interconnectedness between the regions since the very early days may be evidenced by the prehistoric commonalities, ethnic and linguistic affinities, similarities in religious beliefs and practices, art and architecture, material culture, migration routes and settlements.

Authors
Nani G. Mahanta : Director, Centre for South East Asian Studies, Gauhati University & Former Advisor, Education Department, Government of Assam
Mrigakhee Saikia : Assistant Professor, Department of History, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Behali
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.1

Price: 101

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The Enigma Called the Ambubashi Mela

By: Sneha Das

Page No : 15-25

Abstract
The Ambubashi mela is the celebration of the menstruating goddess in the Kāmākhyā temple on the Nilachala hills. Along with its ethnological importance in the contemporary times, the mela plays an instrumental role in understanding the history of Kāmākhyā tradition, its myths and its institutionalisation. Characterised by an intricate web of yoni worship, vrata and the concept of tirtha, an in-depth analysis of this mela shows the dynamics and the stimuli that lead to the evolution of a tradition. This article aims to analysing these dynamic historical strains both in terms of the scared and the secular paradigm.

Author :
Sneha Das : Independent Researcher, Kharghuli, Barowari, Guwahati, Assam
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.2

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Evolution of the Hoabinhian Tools during late Pleistocene to Holocene Periods: Review of the Prehistoric Sites in Thailand

By: Thanon Chitkament

Page No : 27-72

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to study the prehistoric sites from different parts of Thailand, especially the Hoabinhian sites. It can help young researchers to understand the previous works, including the exploration and excavation of cultural remains. The geology and the Quaternary deposits can explain the archaeological record and must be well understood in relation to the sites of these regions. This review will help to establish the technical evolutionary trends and relationship between all techniques, used at that time in these sites in Thailand and Southeast Asia. Therefore, an attempt has been made to summarize the important prehistoric sites, apparently related with the Hoabinhian that have been excavated in Thailand. It starts from the older dates in the late Pleistocene and extends to the Holocene period of each region in Thailand.
 

Author :
Thanon Chitkament : 47 Bis rue de Maine, 72200, Bazouges-sur-le-Loir, France
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.3

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Arunachal Pradesh, the Land of Spirituality, Culture and Ethics: its role in India’s Act East Policy

By: Sampa Kundu

Page No : 73-80

Abstract
Arunachal Pradesh, situated in north-eastern India, is a landlocked state with a predominantly agrarian economy. It boasts a population of over 1.3 million people, representing a rich tapestry of hundreds of distinct tribes. Arunachal Pradesh holds the distinction of being the largest state in Northeast India. The linguistic diversity in Arunachal Pradesh reflects its cultural richness, with languages primarily stemming from the Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, and Austro-Asiatic language families. This linguistic diversity is a testament to the state’s multiculturalism. This state shares its international borders with three countries: Bhutan to the west (covering a span of 160 km), Myanmar to the east (stretching for 520 km), and China to the north (extending over 1129 km). These international borders underscore the geopolitical significance of Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh has played a pivotal role in connecting India with Southeast Asia, particularly through the spread of Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhism was introduced to Arunachal Pradesh from Tibet and the Pala kingdom in Bengal. Over the centuries, various Southeast Asian Buddhist missions ventured into the region, promoting Theravada Buddhism. Notably, the Changlang and Namsai districts house the majority of Theravada art, architecture, and monasteries in the state. Local communities in these districts worship a variety of Theravada deities, including Mucalinda (the serpent king, protector of Buddha), Vasundhara (the earth goddess), Upagupta (a powerful saint), and Sivali (the patron saint of travel). This deep-rooted connection with Buddhism positions Arunachal Pradesh as a cultural bridge between India and Southeast Asia. In the broader context of India’s Act East Policy, Arunachal Pradesh assumes a vital role by fostering physical connectivity, engaging in cultural diplomacy, and promoting cross-border trade. These efforts facilitate people-to-people relations, which hold the potential to address security and geostrategic challenges through a grassroots approach. This paper seeks to delve into the soft power dimensions of India’s Act East Policy, emphasising the unique position of Arunachal Pradesh and its distinct characteristics. This perspective offers an alternative lens through which to view the state, moving beyond the predominant security discourse in Indian policy circles. Additionally, it aligns with the elevated ASEAN-India diplomatic relationship, now designated as the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

Author :
Sampa Kundu : Consultant, ASEAN-India Centre, Research and Information System for Developing Countries, New Delhi
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.4

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Religious and Cultural Practices of the Tais of India and Myanmar

By: Ye Lon Buragohain

Page No : 81-90

Abstract
Human beings are social by nature. The life of the people, their traditions, customs, language, culture, social life all bears testimony to the fact that they share common roots. Myanmar and India, sharing a border have witnessed the movement of people with regards to socio-economic factors since time immemorial. The hill ranges dividing Myanmar and Northeast India have not proved a deterrent to the flow of people and along with them their culture from either direction. Indian culture had seeped into Myanmar and vice versa. In this paper, an attempt to look into the religious and ethnic ties that exist between the peoples of Myanmar and India, with particular focus on the Shans of Myanmar and the Tais of Northeast India has been made.

Author :
Ye Lon Buragohain : Principal, Siddhartha Play & Learn 2, Kailash Bhawan, Kanaklata Saikia Path, Bhetapara, Guwahati, Assam
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.5

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A Monk’s Travelogue: Sadanand Swami on India and Southeast Asia Relation; A Nationalist Exploration

By: Debarati Ganguly

Page No : 91-100

Abstract
In the twentieth century, discussion about the relation between India and Southeast Asia and consequent Indian impact over the latter became an important part of the subject called ‘Greater India’. This thematic approach involved various genres of literary attributes which played an important role to highlight on India’s cultural influence in the Southeast Asian nations. Books and articles written by the famous Greater India scholars formed a significant part of this historiography. Along with this, travel narratives recorded by the individual travellers were also important source of relevant discussion as these documented authors’ own experiences. Among such travelogues, Sadanand Swami’s records demand attention. These reflect views of an Indian monk who did not have any direct connection with the institutional research of Greater India yet offered in-depth introspection of various aspects of Indian influence existed in the Southeast Asian regions. In this article, I have tried to give an idea how this undiscussed travel story can be used as a source of history regarding the relation between India and Southeast Asia.

Author :
Debarati Ganguly : Assistant Professor, Postgraduate Department of History, St. Xavier’s College (autonomous), Kolkata
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.6

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Orality, Text and Identity in terms of Krishna Bhakti in Assam – Change and Continuity

By: Swaswati Borkataki

Page No : 101-106

Abstract
Orality would imply passing on ideas, thoughts, practices and tales from a generation to another for at least more than one generation, as Jan Vansina writes in his classic, Oral Tradition as History. Societies across the world and especially in the north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent have had a ‘rich’ tradition of orality, represented both in the social fabric through traditions like Ojapali which can be said to be a derivative of the Kathakata tradition practiced in Karnataka and other areas, as well as through texts like Keli Gopal or others written by Srimanta Sankardeva in the Assamese context being enacted as plays or popularised among the people through various audio-visual means, becoming very much an intrinsic part of the life and identity of the community. Sankardeva was influenced to a great extent by the Ojapali tradition, and introduced a practice known as the Sattriya Ojapali that represents a beautiful synthesis between orality and the ‘text’, also replete in the tradition of Ankiya Bhaona. The text here represents a symbol, rather than solely a literary tool of expression – a symbol encompassing ideas and thoughts in a larger paradigmatic realm.
Krishna Bhakti in Assam has a tradition of its own which is different and distinct from the other forms of worship in the religious sphere of the Assamese community. Significant is the various social implications, Krishna Bhakti holds in terms of being an intrinsic part of the socio-religious life of the community, portrayed vividly in oral traditions, tales and lore also subtly and sometimes directly extending to the political arena, as was seen in the Moamaria uprising which was led by a section of the descendants of the Vaishnava or Krishna Bhakti, who were followers of Gopal Deva or Gopal Ata. This and other dynamics led to far reaching consequences, ultimately however elevating Krishna worship as one of the most significant aspects of the society in the area which is otherwise regarded as a ‘Tantric hotbed’. This paper would look into the various aspects and the changing dynamics of Krishna Bhakti in Assam preached by Srimanta Sankardeva through orality, text and identity, all of them, being inextricably woven into a matrix of the very life and soul of the society.

Author :
Swaswati Borkataki : PhD Research Scholar, Special Centre for the Study of North East India Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.7

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Factors and Participation of Various Government Sectors that Determine the Success and Sustainability of the Participation in the Development of Tourism by the Bang - Lamphu community in Thailand

By: Doungrak Chantang , Khunyarin Chaijan

Page No : 107-119

Abstract
This study examines the multifaceted aspects of community engagement in the context of creative tourism development, focusing on museums and local communities in the Bang Lamphu area. The research employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating indepth interviews with museum decision-makers and community leaders, as well as focus group discussions involving community representatives. Additionally, it explores the instrumental role of youth groups, particularly the ‘Gesorn Lum Poo Club,’ in facilitating community-based tourism activities. The findings of this study reveal several critical factors that influence community participation in creative tourism initiatives. These factors encompass a strong sense of local pride, a commitment to heritage preservation, and the catalytic involvement of government agencies, particularly the Department of Fine Arts. Moreover, the research unveils a rich tapestry of cultural assets within the community, such as traditional Thai music, crafts, and gold-smithing, all of which contribute to the area’s appeal as a cultural destination.
The study underscores the pivotal role of youth engagement in tourism development, exemplified by the ‘Gesorn Lum Poo Club’. This youth group emerged as a dynamic force in educating its members about local history and heritage, eventually leading to the establishment of Sanaebanglumphu Co. Ltd. The organisation successfully brought together youth from diverse backgrounds to actively participate in community-based tourism, acting as interpreters and facilitators for tourists. In summary, this research provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of community engagement in creative tourism development. It highlights the significance of cultural assets, government support, and youth involvement as key drivers in fostering sustainable and authentic cultural tourism experiences. These findings have broader implications for the promotion of community-based tourism and its benefits to both local communities and tourists seeking genuine cultural encounters.

Authors :

Doungrak Chantang : Researcher, Professional Level, Thai Khadi Research Institute, Thammasat University
Khunyarin Chaijan : Researcher, Senior Professional Level, Thai Khadi Research Institute, Thammasat University
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.8

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A Study of the Patterns of ‘Poverty of Initial Conditions’ Suffered by Colonised Nations: Bangladesh’s Story

By: Bobby Hajjaj

Page No : 121-138

Abstract
The production and perpetuation of the colonial empire have had lasting effects on the colonised. The state of most developing nations as they are today can be traced back to their colonial roots. In this paper, we present evidence showing that colonial empires were based on a relationship of extraction from the colonies. We also show the nature and means of that extraction in Bengal, now Bangladesh. The nature of that extractive relationship and its unintended consequences led to the development of certain types of institutions that created the poverty of initial conditions.
 

Author :
Bobby Hajjaj : Department of Management, North South University, Bashundara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.9

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Public Governance and Democracy in Ancient India: Understanding the Essence of Yogakshema in Abhijnanshakuntalam of Kalidasa

By: Sanjeev Kumar Sharma , Ansuiya Nain

Page No : 139-155

Abstract
India is the largest democracy of the world. Academics have conducted serious research on the elements of social and political thinking in ancient India which lead to encourage more rigorous research in ancient Indian texts exploring democratic ideas. India is being considered as the Mother of Democracy by scholars based on extensive works on public policy formulation, taxation, statecraft, governance, welfare, administration, etc. This paper examines the sphere of public governance in ancient India with an emphasis on Yogakshema concept in works of Kalidasa.

Authors :
Sanjeev Kumar Sharma : Former Vice Chancellor, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari (Bihar), General Secretary and Treasurer, Indian Political Science Association (IPSA), Professor of Political Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut
Ansuiya Nain : Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Central University of Kerala, Capital Centre, Thiruvanthapuram, Kerala
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.10

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The Potential of Educational Tourism Products for International Students in Thailand from the Perspective of Thai Tourist

By: Khunyarin Chaijan , Sitthisak Moukomla

Page No : 157-168

Abstract
This research provides the necessary information on tourist needs in the top ten tourist destinations for international students to travel in the future. The study driver focused on the motivation to travel, travel behaviour to achieve intermediate results in evaluating the potential attractiveness of tourism, the value of the tourist attraction, the potential for tourism development and management. The results show that Thailand’s educational tourism was also suitable for nature, tourism, historical tourism, and cultural tourism. International students were more likely to appreciate the museum, historic sites, festival/tradition, and the way of life of the community, arts, and cultural centre. Assessment of educational tourism potential also pointed out that Chiang Mai, Surat Thani, Mae Hong Son, and Phuket were the high potential destinations for educational tourism. Those provinces are rich in natural tourism resources and historical tourism, and cultural resources.

 

Authors :
Khunyarin Chaijan : Thai Khadi Research Institute, Thammasat University Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Sitthisak Moukomla : Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization), Bangkok 10210, Thailand
 

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.11

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The Transformation of Neak Tà Belief of Khmer People in the Southern Vietnam (From Sacred Stones to Statues Worshiped, the Interaction between Brahmanism and Theravada Buddhism in the Khmer's Contemporary Culture)

By: Phan Anh Tú

Page No : 169-184

Abstract
Neak Ta is a Khmer folk religion intimately linked to the natural environment, agricultural land, and habitation regions in Southern Vietnam. The Khmer have traditionally venerated Neak Ta using sacred stones discovered in the natural environment, according to long-established customs. However, the Neak Ta religion has seen significant modifications during the 1990s. The Khmer have constructed humanoid forms called Neak Ta out of these amorphous stones in an attempt to resurrect the ancient images of Brahminism. The article is based on the author’s fieldwork in the provinces of Tra Vinh and Binh Phuoc during 10th to 30th March, 2021. In this article, the author examined the transformation process of Neak Ta belief and analysed the origins and implications of the symbolic Neak Ta in contemporary Khmer social interactions.
 

Author :
Phan Anh Tú : Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Hochiminh City

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.12

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Dotara: Examining Cultural Migration across Time and Space

By: Utpola Borah , Hans F Utter

Page No : 185-205

Abstract 
Musical instruments are important repositories of heritage depending upon tangible materials, available in each environment, the instrument’s role in each culture, and the living/intangible traditions of cultural transmission. In Assam, the dotara is central to the Zikir songs of Sufi Saint Hazrat Shah Miran or Ajan Fakir, multiple regional folk genres, and Dehbisaror geet (philosophical/mystical songs) prevalent in upper and lower Assam. The prominence of the dotara throughout Central Asia and into the former Ottoman Empire and Andalusia indicates that this instrument was transported or shared along the ancient Silk Road. However, in terms of the instrument construction and playing techniques, the Kyrgis komuz or dumbora bears the most salient symmetry with the Assamese dotara, including tuning, use of the plectrum, and functions within its cultural milieu. Assam was important to Silk Road from ancient times (200-300 BCE) and most likely silk came to India from China. The Brahmaputra River served as the main artery between China and the west to India. Cultural interchange between Assam and China is strongly supported by Hiuen Tsang’s discussion of a Chinese song that became popular in Assam as early at 636 CE. Historical evidence for the dotara’s development will be examined, and comparisons between performance styles and organology. The role of the kingdoms of Assam as a bridge between India and China is not generally known, but potentially this will become a rich vein for future research.

Authors :
Utpola Borah : Ethnomusicologist, Cultural Archivist and Indian Classical Vocalist, Ohio, USA
Hans F Utter :  Ethnomusicologist, Cultural Archivist, Musician and Producer, Ohio, USA
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2023.48.13

Price: 101

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Book Review
Thao, Paoze. 2023 (2nd edition), Mong Education at the Crossroads, USA: Hamilton Books

By: Soma Sahai-Srivastava

Page No : 207-208

Author :
Soma Sahai-Srivastava : Clinical Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology Keck Medical Center of USC, Los Angeles
 

Price: 101

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Jan- to Dec-2022

Rediscovering Koh Ker

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 1-4

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.1

Price: 500

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The Rise of Koh Ker

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 5-21

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.2

Price: 500

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The Step-Pyramid of Prasat Thom

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 23-33

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.3

Price: 500

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Koh Ker Seen From Sdok Kak Thom

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 35-38

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.4

Price: 500

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Inscriptions of Koh Ker

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 39-45

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.5

Price: 500

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The Dancing Shiva of Prasat Krahom

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 47-68

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.6

Price: 500

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Prasat Chen - the Theatre Temple

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 69-71

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.7

Price: 500

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Prajapatishvara

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 73-74

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.8

Price: 500

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Collective Memory

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 75-78

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.9

Price: 500

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The Sculptural Art of Koh Ker

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 79-82

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.10

Price: 500

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Temples Around Rahal

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 83-92

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.11

Price: 500

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The Water Resources

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 93-95

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.12

Price: 500

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Jayavarman VII's Hospital

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 97-98

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.13

Price: 500

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The Temple  of Ganesha

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 99-99

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.14

Price: 500

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Conclusion

By: Sachchidanand Sahai

Page No : 101-103

Author :
Dr. Sachchidanand Sahai
Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
Advisor to Apsara Authority, Siem Riep, Cambodia
Former Chair, Department Ancient Indian and Asian Studies
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
Former National Professor of Epigraphy,
Institute of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/SEAR.2022.47.15

Price: 500

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Jan-2020 to Dec-2021

Editorial
Dr. Manjil Hazarika
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor
Department of Archaeology
Cotton University
Assam - India

Page No : i - iii

Cranio-Facial Morphology: Scenario in the Indian Sub-Continent and Future Plan for Study of Prehistoric Population of Thailand

By: Worrawit Boonthai , Subhash R. Walimbe

Page No : 1-17

Abstract
The pre-agricultural phase represents a brief span of a few thousand years between the Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic stages and can be taken as a transitory phase from a food-gathering to a food-producing society. Widespread use of microliths and regular use of the bow and arrow indicate more intensive exploitation of natural resources of localised ecological niches, a subsistence based on hunting, gathering and fishing. On the other hand, the Neolithic, Metal age, and chronologically later sites which flourished in Thailand after c. 5000 BCE marks the beginning of sedentism. For these societies, subsistence was primarily based on agriculture, supplemented by stock-raising and hunting-fishing. The food economy was based on a combination of agricultural products and aquatic and land-animal food including both domestic and wild. The change from nomadic hunting-gathering to settled or semi-settled agriculture and/or pastoral lifeways was a major cultural change observed by human societies after the Neolithic transition. Human morphology especially cranio-facial, responded to this cultural change and the human skeletal remains recovered from this time frame are worth studying to examine bodily impact of the cultural change. In addition, higher morbidity in the settled early farming communities might also have contributed to the comparatively delicate built. This hypothesis has been successfully tested for sites in the Indian sub-continent. In future such parallel attempt is worth trying in Thailand. In the larger interest it would be beneficial to judge the importance of Thailand prehistoric skeletal features in prospective evolutionary studies by observing the microevolutionary trends in cranio-facial and post-cranial evolution that are accepted on global scale.    

Authors : 
Worrawit Boonthai
Laboratory of Physical Anthropology and Ethnology,
Faculty of Sociology and Anthropology Thammasat University,
Thailand

Subhash R. Walimbe
Department of Anthropology
University of Pune
Pune, India 

Price: 101

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Neolithic Artefacts From Letpanchaypaw Site, Central Myanmar

By: Kyaw Khaing , Aung Ko Latt , Kaung Si Thu , Kyaw Myo Satt , Tin Htut Aung , Zaw Phyo

Page No : 19-35

Abstract
The Neolithic Site of Letpanchaypaw is located between Bagan World Heritage Site and Pakokku town and on the left bank of Ayeyarwaddy River in Central Myanmar. It is located west of the Badahlin cave site producing early Neolithic industry and is also located between Hanlan Pyu ancient city in North and Beikthano and Sriksetra Pyu ancient cities in the South. These Pyu urban cities are of the early Iron Age and the first urban state in Myanmar. According to cultural evidence in Letpanchaypaw, the people from there are related to trade exchange with some Neolithic sites north of this site and Hanlin Neolithic-early Iron industrial site in the north. According to the cultural layer, there are more than three occupation layers and the lowest layer is related to the early Neolithic and the other two are related to the late Neolithic period.

Authors:
Kyaw Khaing
Department of Archaeology and National Museum, Yangon, Myanmar

Aung Ko Latt
Department of Archaeology and National Museum, Yangon, Myanmar

Kaung Si Thu
Department of Archaeology and National Museum, Yangon, Myanmar

Kyaw Myo Satt
Department of Archaeology, University of Yangon, Myanmar

Tin Htut Aung
Department of Archaeology, University of Yangon, Myanmar

Zaw Phyo
Department of Archaeology, University of Yangon, Myanmar

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The Megalithic Cultural Remains in Myanmar

By: Win Kyaing

Page No : 37-53

Abstract
Classification of megalithic remains in Myanmar relies upon establishing a firm chronology for the Late Holocene of Neolithic to Early Historic periods. This paper focuses on defining phases within the Chalcolithic to Neolithic, dating to circa the first millennium BCE. The paper opens with a summary of the history and chronology on this era followed by descriptions of the relevant Chalcolithic and Neolithic sites and a typology of menhirs. The next section of the paper discusses the megalithic remains at known sites. The paper concludes with a discussion of the northern and southern Chin areas adjacent to Manipur where megaliths continue to be used to this day. These suggest links and possibly cultural diffusion from the Northeastern India to Myanmar.

Author:
Win Kyaing
Director and Principal Field School of Archaeology (Pyay)

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Impact of Indian Cultures on Southern Thailand with special Reference to Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

By: Thanon Chitkament

Page No : 55-81

Abstract
This paper is an endeavour to show how Indian influences in numerous forms can be easily observed upon the culture of ancient Thailand, both social and material, within an archaeological context. It is surmised that Hinduism reached Southern Thailand owing to Indian merchants around the 5th century CE, and spread to Nakhon Si Thammarat, which became a flourishing religious centre. The ancient art objects such as icons and sculptures, epigraphs, monuments, besides coins and seals have been found dated to around the 7th - 13th century CE, which indicate the chronology of Hinduism in that period. Therefore, this work is an attempt to discuss the correlations between different aspects of objects, discovered in Thailand, mainly in Nakhon Si Thammarat province showing the nature of impact to understand the interaction between India and southern Thailand in terms of economy and trade, religion, society and culture.

Author:
Thanon Chitkament
47 Bis rue de Maine, 72200, Bazouges-sur-le-Loir, France

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Vrah rÂpa vrah prajðÀpÀramitÀ: Esoteric Forms of PrajðÀpÀramitÀ in Khmer Art

By: Abira Bhattacharya

Page No : 83-118

Authors :
Abira Bhattacharya
Assistant Curator (Department of Anthropology),
National Museum, Janpath, New Delhi and
PhD Research Scholar,
Department of History of Art,
National Museum Institute (NMI), Janpath, New Delhi

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Royal Barge Procession in Thailand

By: Chedha Tingsanchali

Page No : 119-129

Author:
Chedha Tingsanchali
Faculty of Archaeology, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
 

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Returning to the Esoteric Universe at Prasat Phimai - A Study of Select Buddhist Reliefs

By: Sama Haq

Page No : 131-152

Author :
Sama Haq
Consultant (Central Asian Antiquities) National Museum, New Delhi

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An Investigation of Naga Art in Buddhist Temples of Mueang Chiang Mai District, Thailand

By: Ya-Liang Chang

Page No : 153-171

Abstract
The importance of Naga art has two aspects; firstly, in terms of the research value, Naga is an important design element in Buddhist temples in Thailand. It is particularly seen in architectural decoration and ornaments, yet little research has been done on Naga. Secondly, Naga art of Northern Thailand also has local characteristics. Buddhist temples are important places for observing Buddhist art. Chiang Mai was the capital of the Lanna Kingdom from the 13th century CE; accordingly, there are important Buddhist temples in abundance in the old town. In other words, the Buddhist temples in Chiang Mai are significant representative of Lanna culture. This study involved field research, recording Naga arts in 34 Buddhist temples of the Mueang Chiang Mai District, aimed to explore the characteristics of Naga art in Northern Thailand. The results of this research show that the Naga art of Northern Thailand has local characteristics, as revealed by their motifs, shapes, patterns, and so on.

Author :
Ya-Liang Chang
Associate Professor,
College of Fine Arts,
Huanggang Normal University,
China

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Divination as an Indigenous Practice among the Ahom and the Lua: A Comparative Study

By: Shrutashwinee Gogoi

Page No : 173-185

Author :
Shrutashwinee Gogoi
Assistant Professor,
Department of Philosophy Moran College,
Charaideo, Assam.

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Brand New Balinese Water Puppetry “The Floating Subadra”

By: Shrutashwinee Gogoi

Page No : 187-200

Authors
Nyoman Sedana
Director of Bali Module and PEPADI, Bali
Indonesian Arts Institute (ISI), Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Made Sidia
Wayang Puppeteer and Trainer, Bali, Indonesia

Price: 101

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