One Nation, One Election: A Constitutional and Governance Perspective on Simultaneous Elections in India

By : A. Ranjithkumar

Page No: 113-124

Abstract
The proposal of “One Nation, One Election” hereinafter (ONOE) has emerged as a significant electoral reform initiative in India, aiming to conduct simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies. Advocates argue that synchronised elections will enhance administrative efficiency, reduce public expenditure and improve policy continuity by avoiding frequent imposition of the Model Code of Conduct. However, the implementation of ONOE demands major constitutional, legal and administrative reforms. This paper critically examines the constitutiona provisions affected by such a reform, including Articles 83, 85, 172 and 356 and discusses the practical implications for Indian federalism and democratic accountability. The study adopts a doctrinal and comparative legal analysis approach, drawing insights from Law Commission Reports, Parliamentary Standing Committee recommendations and judicial pronouncements. Additionally, governance implications such as voter behaviour, election fatigue, and regional representation are discussed. The paper also evaluates international experiences with synchronised elections in federal democracies such as South Africa and Sweden to assess the feasibility of ONOE in the Indian context. Findings suggest that while the proposal offers administrative and economic benefits, it risks undermining India’s diverse political landscape and the autonomy of State governments. The paper concludes by proposing a phased implementation strategy anchored in constitutional safeguards and multi-party consensus.

Author:
A. Ranjithkumar: Assistant Professor of Political Science, School of Law, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Tamil Nadu.