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Productivity : A Quarterly Journal of The National Productivity Council

Published in Association with National Productivity Council

Current Volume: 66 (2025-2026 )

ISSN: 0032-9924

e-ISSN: 0976-3902

Periodicity: Quarterly

Month(s) of Publication: June, September, December & March

Subject: Economics

DOI: 10.32381/PROD

350

Productivity is the principal journal of the National Productivity Council of India. The Journal aims at disseminating information on concepts of and data on productivity and its growth in India and elsewhere. It also aims at disseminating knowledge on techniques and methods of productivity improvement through effective management of all types of resources. Thus contribution from a large spectrum of disciplines are accepted for publication.Only those manuscripts that present original results will be accepted of the publication in the Journal.The managerial/policy implications of the study should be highlighted separately towards the end of the paper.

EBSCO
ProQuest
Genamics (Journalseek)
Indian Citation Index

 

Editor
Rajesh Sund

National Productivity Council, Utpadakta Bhawan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi.


Editorial consultant
Payal Kumar

Editorial Board
S. Gopalakrishnan

Abad Ahmed

N.M. Barot

Vinay Bharat Ram

Ram K. Iyengar

T.S. Papola

N.S. Randhawa

Gourav Vallabh

Volume 66 Issue 1 , (Apr- to Jun-2025)

Skill Development for Sustainable Human Resource Management

By: Mamta Gaur , Biswabhushan Behera

Page No : 1-7

Abstract
Technological advancement and environmental consciousness in the 21st Century have revolutionized the Work, Workplace, and Workforce. Today, the focus of organizations has shifted beyond profit to planet and people as they realize that to be successful in the long run they need to be sustainable. Hence, the role of HR, as a strategic partner, is to build a sustainable workforce and keep them engaged in sustainable practices in the workplace. This article explores the need for skill development in shaping a sustainable workforce for a greener future.

Authors
Mamta Gaur, Professor, SOB, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Biswabhushan Behera, DGM-HR, GAIL (India) Limited, Bikaji Cama Place, New Delhi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.1

Price: 251

Determinants of the Satisfaction of the Skill Development Program: A Factor Analysis Approach

By: T. P. Jisha , M. Sumathy

Page No : 8-16

Abstract
Skill development programs play an important role by impacting knowledge and skill of individuals, which can contribute to personal and professional development. However, the success of these programs depends upon the intention of the individual to use the skills acquired in the real world. The current study focuses on the factors behind the satisfaction of learners of skill development programs. The study extracted the factors contributing to learner satisfaction using factor analysis, which include Content Quality (CQ), Attitude Development (AT), Platform Usability (PU), and the Perceived Value of Effectiveness (PVE).

Authors
T. P. Jisha, Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
M. Sumathy, Professor and Head, Department of Commerce, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.2

Price: 251

The Status of Education and Vocational Training among the Labor Force: Evidence from the NSSO Survey

By: Kishor Bhanushali

Page No : 17-26

Abstract
Skilled labor is a pre-condition for increasing the productivity and competitiveness among industries. Skilled workers are assets to any organization, adding to their profitability and sustainability. The level of education and training are essential components for skill development. The present study aims to evaluate the level of education and training among workers based on the evidence from the Periodic Labor Force Survey (PLFS) 2023-24 conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). The study aims at evaluating the overall status and inter-state comparison in education and training among the labor force and identify the gaps in the same. An attempt has also been made to compare the levels of education and training across gender and location, i.e. rural and urban areas. The results of the study show the critical situation in terms of education and training. Significant differences were seen across rural and urban areas and also across gender. The findings from the study will help governments in policy formulation for skill development in order to increase the competitiveness of industry, which in turn will increase the productivity of workers.

Author
Kishor Bhanushali,
Director, Research, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.3

Price: 251

Hereditary Skills of the Chenchu Tribe in Telangana: Balancing Tradition and Contemporary Development Dynamics

By: P. Ravi Kiran , Rajesh Kumar Shastri

Page No : 27-35

Abstract
The Chenchu tribe of Telangana, designated as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), has a deep-rooted legacy ofhunting, foraging, and traditional medicinal expertise. Despite facing challenges from industrialisation and political interference, these ancient skills embody the essence of their cultural identity and lifestyle. This research examines the evolution, flexibility, and resilience of Chenchu hereditary skills in contemporary development dynamics. This study examines the impacts of governmental initiatives and socioeconomic advancements via an ethnographic approach. The research aims to emphasize culturally inclusive strategies that safeguard tribal heritage while integrating indigenous knowledge into sustainable development.

Authors
P. Ravi Kiran,
Assistant Professor, SCMS-Hyderabad, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Prof. Rajesh Kumar Shastri, Professor, Humanities and Social Sciences, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.4

Price: 251

Role of Outreach and Extension Activities in Building Skills Among Students of Higher Education Institutions

By: R. Belinda

Page No : 36-42

Abstract
The term “extension and outreach activities” refers to the proactive steps that an institution takes to share knowledge, expertise, and services with the community at large that are outside of its immediate reach. In other words, “extends” the benefits of its work beyond the institution’s conventional boundaries and “reaches out” to engage with a range of populations. These efforts usually include awareness campaigns, community engagement initiatives, and educational programs designed to address specific needs and issues in the community.
When students are involved in community engagement activities such as outreach, extension or service learning, they become better equipped to relate classroom ideas and knowledge to real-world circumstances since they are involved in practical activities and reflections. Additionally, students research, experiment, make decisions, solve problems think critically, think creatively, communicate, be accountable, gain leadership skills, and make great teams. They are also involved at all levels— intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and/or physical. Students gain new skills and develop already existing skill sets.
This paper studies the role of outreach and extension activities in building skills among students of higher education institutions through the case study method. Departments which organise outreach, extension, service-learning activities at Madras Christian College, Chennai, have been taken as cases and the feedback from student participants has been presented in the paper.

Author
Dr. R. Belinda, Director of Extension Programmes (Former Head of the Department of Social Work (SFS)), Christian College, Madras, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.5

Price: 251

A Study on Financial Literacy Skill Development Courses among Senior Secondary Students: Exploring the Implications and Benefits

By: Deeksha Chaurasia , R. Ravichandran

Page No : 43-53

Abstract
This paper explores the importance of the Financial Literacy Skill Development Course for school students in India. With the evergrowing complexity of financial systems, it has become crucial for individuals to possess financial knowledge and skills to make informed financial decisions. However, the lack of financial education in schools often leads to poor financial management and decision-making, resulting in financial insecurity and debt. This paper investigates the Financial Literacy Skill Development Courses among senior secondary students, exploring its implications and discussing the benefits and challenges of implementing such programs. It also analyses the current state of the Financial Literacy Skill Development Courses among school students in India and proposes recommendations for improving financial education. The paper concludes that providing financial education to school students is essential for equipping them with the necessary knowledge and skills to make informed financial decisions, ensuring their financial well-being and contributing to the growth of the Indian economy.

Authors
Deeksha Chaurasia, Assistant Professor, Department of Business and Commerce, Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
R. Ravichandran, Associate Professor, Department of Humanities, Science, Education and Research, Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.6

Price: 251

Transforming Education: Harnessing the Power of AI to Empower Educators

By: Raveesh Agarwal , Ankur Bhatnagar

Page No : 54-62

Abstract
This study examines the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to revolutionise education, emphasizing how AI technologies can empower teachers and provide more individualised, inclusive learning environments. Through a review of literature and analysis of secondary data, the study investigates AI’s impact on teacher autonomy, equity, professional development, and emotional intelligence. Findings highlight AI’s capacity to support diverse learners, improve teacher-student relationships, and enhance pedagogical practices, but challenges such as access, bias, and teacher training remain. The paper concludes with recommendations for inclusive AI integration and suggests future research directions to address these gaps and ensure equitable educational outcomes.

Authors
Raveesh Agarwal, Professor & Head of Department - Business Administration, Rajshree Institute of Management & Technology, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ankur Bhatnagar, Research Scholar, Sangam University, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.7

Price: 251

Assessment of Food and Nutritional Security in India: A Policy Perspective

By: Pramod Kumar , Adrita Dam , Srinatha T.N. , Anbukkani P. , Nithyashree M.L.

Page No : 63-74

Abstract
India’s food production and nutritional landscape depicts a complex interplay of progress and persistent challenges. Despite substantial increases in food grain production — from 50.83 million tons in 1950-51 to 328.85 million tons in 2023-24 — over 200 million Indians still struggle with hunger, exacerbated by starvation and droughts.This emphasizes the critical need for comprehensive food security measures. The per capita availability of foodgrains has improved, yet variability in pulse production and shifts in spending patterns reflect ongoing challenges. India’s performance on the Global Hunger Index, though improved from “Extremely Alarming” in 1990 to “Serious” in recent years, reveals persistent food security issues. The calorie and protein intake show improvements, but disparities and rising fat consumption highlight nutritional challenges. Food production and procurement have increased, but maintaining consistent buffer stocks remains crucial. India’s ranking on the Global Hunger Index has faced criticism from the government, with question raised on the representativeness of the data used. Despite progress in certain areas, the ongoing high levels of hunger and economic disparities indicate the need for sustained and enhanced efforts to ensure comprehensive food security and address malnutrition. Various government programs such as the Public Distribution System (PDS), Mid-Day Meal Scheme, and the POSHAN Abhiyan aim to address malnutrition. The government is emphasizing production, processing and consumption of millets. Steps are also being taken for the fortification of food and for reaching to the poorest of the poor through various government schemes. A number of climate resilient varieties are being developed and released by National Agricultural Research System (NARS) in order to stabilize food production by overcoming the challenge of climate change.

Authors
Pramod Kumar, Principal Scientist, Division of Agricultural Economics, IARI, New Delhi, India.
Adrita Dam, Research Scholars, Division of Agricultural Economics, IARI, New Delhi, India.
Anbukkani P., Senior Scientist, Division of Agricultural Economics, IARI, New Delhi, India.
Nithyashree M.L., Senior Scientist, Division of Agricultural Economics, IARI, New Delhi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.8

Price: 251

Catalytic Role of ‘Arogya Mitras’ in the Ayushman Bharat (PMJAY) Scheme in Aspirational Districts of Uttar Pradesh

By: Nomita P Kumar , Kavita Baliyan

Page No : 75-85

Abstract
The scheme is understood to be a game changer - the most ambitious and innovative social welfare scheme that is touted to be the world’s largest. While analysing the requirements of such a health reform in India, which aims to move towards UHC (Universal Health Coverage), ‘Ayushman Mitras’ has been situated at each empanelled hospital under the Ayushman Bharat scheme to help hospitals spread awareness and provide a seamless experience to the patient (education, health and care plan). The PMAM is a certified frontline health care professional who will be the patient’s initial point of contact. Originally, the PMAM was deemed to be the most significant individual under the scheme.The research conducted is both qualitative and quantitative in nature. This paper is more focussed on how the PMAM is playing the catalytic role of being the “game changer.” These pertain to relevant questions and research points related to the implementation of the AB scheme in the aspirational districts, the empanelment of district hospitals, and details about the beneficiaries under the AB scheme through the lenses of PMAM.

Authors
Nomita P Kumar,
Assistant Professor (Senior), Giri Institute of Development Studies, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Kavita Baliyan, Assistant Professor, Giri Institute of Development Studies, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.9

Price: 251

E-Commerce & Consumer Rights: Navigating Protection in India’s Digital Marketplace

By: Deepak Mahaur

Page No : 86-94

Abstract
This study explores consumer protection in India’s e-commerce sector, focusing on the effectiveness of regulations like the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020. Despite the regulatory advancements, findings reveal significant gaps in enforcement and consumer awareness, leading to persistent issues such as fraud, delayed deliveries, and unsatisfactory grievance resolution. Consumer awareness remains low, and many face difficulties navigating redressal systems. This research evaluates the impact of existing laws on addressing these concerns, explores the role of consumer education in fostering trust, and investigates challenges in using grievance mechanisms. Based on these insights, the study proposes recommendations to enhance regulatory frameworks and address emerging issues like S-commerce.

Author
Deepak Mahaur,
Research Scholar, Faculty of Commerce, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, Bihar, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2025.66.01.10

Price: 251

Instruction to the Author

Manuscript Submission: 
                  The text should be addressed to
                  The Editor, PRODUCTIVITY, National Productivity Council,
                  Utpadakata Bhawan, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110003.

                  Soft copies may be e-mailed at npcres@rediffmail.com

Ethical Statement:
The cover letter should include a written statement from the author(s) that:
•    The manuscript is an original research work and has not been published elsewhere including open access at the internet.
•    The data used in the research has not been manipulated, fabricated, or in any other way misrepresented to support the conclusions.
•    No part of the text of the manuscript has been plagiarised.
•    The manuscript is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
•    The manuscript will not be submitted elsewhere for review while it is still under consideration for publication in the Productivity.

The cover letter should also include an ethical statement disclosing any conflict of interest that may directly or indirectly impart bias to the research work. Conflict of interest most commonly arises from the source of funding, and therefore, the name(s) of funding agency must be mentioned in the cover letter. In case of no conflict of interest, please include the statement that “the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest”.

General Guidelines:

•    The manuscript should be of about 5,000 words length. 
•    Tables,  illustrations,  charts,  figures,  exhibits,  etc., should   be   serially   numbered   and  typed  in  separate pages  and should  not  be  mixed  with   the   main   text. 
•    The Text should contain in the following order: an Abstract; Main Text of the Article; References; and Appendices (if appropriate). 
•    Manuscripts should be in single-column format, double-spaced with text in 11-point Arial/Times Roman font and with one-inch margins on all four sides of the page. Figs, pictures etc. should be more than 600 DPI resolutions.
•    The manuscripts should be with a Turnitin report (upto 10 % is acceptable).

Reference Style Guidelines:
•    Only those references which are actually utilized in the text should be included in the reference list.
•    In the text, references  should  be  cited  with  the  surname  of  the author(s) alongwith  the year of publication and  the page number,  all  in  brackets. 
•    If  there  are  more  than  one reference by the same author during any year, the year may  be  subscripted  with  ‘a’  or  ‘b’.  For  instance, reference may be given at the end of the sentence as: (Szendrovits, 1998a, p. 337). 
•    Reference list should  be  alphabetically arranged. Each reference should carry the surname of the  author,  followed  by  other  names,  the  title  of  the paper  in quotes,  the name of  the  journal underlined, volume and issue numbers, and the year of publication.
•    In the event of a book,  the  title should be  followed by  the publisher’s name and year of publication.
•    In the event of  a  report  from  an  organization,  the  name  of  the organization may be cited  in  the place of  the author.

Table Guidelines:
•    Tables should be numbered e.g., Table 1, consecutively and titled.
•    Sources of data need to be given below each table unless otherwise mentioned in the text.  
•    Each table should contain a short caption explaining the content of the table.
•    All tables column should have an explanatory heading.

 Figure and Artwork Guidelines:
•    Figures, Graphs, and Maps should be numbered using Arabic numerals.
•    Each figure should contain a short caption explaining the content of the figure.
•    At the end of the figure, the source of the figure must be mentioned clearly.

Accompanying Material:
The manuscripts should be accompanied by:
•    An abstract of the paper not exceeding 100 words.
•    A declaration that the paper is original and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.
•    A note about the author(s) not exceeding 50 words.
•    Complete contact details; correspondence address with email and contact number

Copyright Transfer:
Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, the corresponding author will receive an E-mail informing about the acceptance of the article. The publication of an article in the “Productivity” means that the author(s) transfer the Copyright of the article to the Journal. 
 

All the manuscripts submitted for the Productivity should accompany a covering letter giving an undertaking following certain principles under Ethical Policy.

The cover letter should include a written statement from the author(s) that:
1. The manuscript is an original research work and has not been published elsewhere including open access at the internet.

2. The data used in the research has not been manipulated, fabricated, or in any other way misrepresented to support the conclusions.

3. No part of the text of the manuscript has been plagiarised.

4. The manuscript is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

5. The manuscript will not be submitted elsewhere for review while it is still under consideration for publication in the Productivity.

The cover letter should also include an ethical statement disclosing any conflict of interest that may directly or indirectly impart bias to the research work. Conflict of interest most commonly arises from the source of funding, and therefore, the name(s) of funding agency must be mentioned in the cover letter. In case of no conflict of interest, please include the statement that  “the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest”.

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