Bioremediation of Waste Water: In-Depth Review on Current Practices and Promising Perspectives

By : Hetal Shukla , Saloni Gautam , Himanshu Bapodariya , Mukund B Maliwad , Ajit K Gangawane , Radhey Shyam Kaushal

Page No: 117-152

Abstract
With the growing world population, need for fresh water is increasing. World water resources are available in oceans and seas 97.5%. fresh water resources available is limited to 2.5% which is further contaminated by large range of pollutants such as the effluents from pharmaceutical industries, textile industries, food and dairy industries, mining industries agricultural waste, heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, sewage waste etc. The composition of pharmaceutical wastewater is complex contains high concentration of organic matter, microbial toxicity, high salt, and difficult to biodegrade. Textile dyes wastewater is one of the main reasons behind severe pollution problems due to the greater demand for textile products and increase in production and applications of synthetic dyes. Agricultural wastewater includes pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, weedicides etc. which can be hazardous to human health, soil microbiota and aquatic microbiota. Heavy metals like uranium, mercury, lead, chromium, copper, iron etc. can cause a major environmental problem due to their toxicity and persistence in nature. To combat, bioremediation is an option that offers the possibility to destroy or render harmless various contaminants using natural biological activity. Further, nanoremediation – nanotechnology that depends on the use of nanomaterials to tackle and address the formidable challenges of 21st century as water pollution crisis. In-silico approach is a computational framework, potential to perform virtual screening of pollutants and helps to fulfill the gaps and address the flaws of convention bioremediation. A little effort has been made to put the entire literature review of these technologies in one refereed paper, our review paper is an attempt to compile the existing information on various treatment technologies viz. Bioremediation, Nanoremediation.

Authors :
Hetal Shukla, Saloni Gautam, Himanshu Bapodariya, Mukund B Maliwad, Ajit K Gangawane and Radhey Shyam Kaushal
Assistant Professor, Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Gujarat, 391760, India.
 

DOI: http://doi.org/10.32381/JAT.2022.37.1-4.9