An Essential Review on the challenges with Plant-based Ingredients with respect to Phytic Acid and Phytase Activities in the Aquafeeds

By : Kalidoss Manikandan , Nathan Felix , E. Prabu , Subramaniam Bharathi , Tamilarasu Alagarasu

Page No: 93-105

Abstract
The fisheries sector plays a crucial role in livelihood development and income for millions of people around the world and it remains a substantial source for food and nutrition. Many kinds of research are being carried out to replace fishmeal in the diets of the cultured aquatic animals. Although plant protein sources are considered the best replacement for fishmeal, they do have contrasting characteristics to those of fish meal due to the presence of Anti-Nutritional Factors (ANFs), deficiency in certain essential amino acids, low nutrient digestibility and lesser palatability. One of the major ANF to be considered while opting for plant protein source is phytic acid. Almost half of the phosphorus in the plant ingredient is bound to phytate, making it unavailable to monogastric animals. This phytate-phosphorus becomes a pollutant when released in the aquatic environment and has the tendency to bind with minerals and proteins non-selectively. Phytase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the indigestible phytate.The enzyme phytase which has a wide pH range and also has higher activity even at lower pH would be efficient in reducing the phytate by hydrolysis more quickly. The phytase activities for cold-water fishes are limited. The most important factor to be considered in the analysis of the phytase activity as the analyzed values may vary with the calculated values. The efficacy of dietary phytase may vary with species, method of analysis, feed composition (level of phytate and P in the diet), adaptation time and type of phytase used. The use of phytase could reduce feed cost and enhance the efficiency of utilization of minerals, protein, and other nutrients when the plant based feed ingredients were used in the preparation of the diets.

Authors :
Kalidoss Manikandan
Directorate of Incubation and Vocational Training in Aquaculture, ECR-Muttukadu – 603112,Tamil Nadu, India, Dr. M. G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri – 601204, Tamil Nadu, India.

Nathan Felix
Directorate of Incubation and Vocational Training in Aquaculture, ECR-Muttukadu – 603112, Tamil Nadu, India.

E. Prabu
Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri- 601204, Tamil Nadu, India.

Subramaniam Bharathi
Dr. M. G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri – 601204, Tamil Nadu, India.

Tamilarasu Alagarasu
Dr. M. G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri – 601204, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI: http://doi.org/10.32381/JAT.2020.35.1-4.10