Nanovaccines: Tiny Particles, Huge Protection

By : Ruhina Sheeba A , Manisha A.

Page No: 1-6

Abstract
Nanovaccines represent an innovative frontier in vaccine development, offering targeted, stable, and efficient antigen delivery systems through nanoscale carriers such as liposomes, polymers, and chitosan based particles. Unlike traditional vaccines, nanovaccines enhance both humoral and cellular immunity, require lower dosages, and provide controlled release with improved stability under variable storage conditions. In aquaculture, nanovaccines have emerged as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics and conventional vaccines, showing promising results in species like tilapia, carp, and shrimp by improving survival rates, disease resistance, and mucosal immunity. Recent advancements, including mucoadhesive formulations, dietary nano-supplements, and self-assembled nanostructures, highlight their growing potential to address disease challenges in fish farming. This review outlines the fundamental principles, structural components, applications, and future prospects of nanovaccines, with particular emphasis on their role in advancing aquatic animal health and promoting sustainable aquaculture.

Authors
Ruhina Sheeba A. and Manisha A. : Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Dr. MGR Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu,
 

DOI: http://doi.org/10.32381/JAT.2026.41.1-4.1