Some Magic and Latin Squares and the BhuvaneœvarÁ and Other Bimagic Squares

By : R. C. Gupta

Page No: 35-54

Abstract
The nine Indian planetary magic squares of order 3 are attributed to Garga, who is said to belong to the hoary past. Formation of magic squares of order 9 from those of order 3, as bimagic squares, is found both in India and China. BhuvaneœvarÁ yantra is a bimagic square of order 8. Its full Sanskrit text, along with translation and the method of construction is described in the present paper. Construction of bimagic squares of orders 8 and 9 from simple orthogonal Latin squares is dealt with in detail. Recalling that Euler’s conjecture on Latin squares has been disproved, a counter-example of order 10 is described.

Author :
R. C. Gupta
R20, Ras Bahar Colony P.O. Sipri Bazar, Jhansi, U.P., India.
 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32381/GB.2020.42.1-2.2