Issues in Indian Metrology, from Harappa to Bhaskaracharya

By : Michel Danino

Page No: 125-143

Abstract
Numerous systems of units were developed in India for lengths, angles, areas, volumes, time or weights. They exhibit common features and a continuity sometimes running from Harappa to BhÀskarÀchÀrya, but also an evolution in time and considerable regional variations. This paper presents an overview of some issues in Indian metrology, especially with regard to units of length and weight, some of which are traceable all the way to the Indus-Sarasvati civilization. It discusses, among others, the aôgula and its multiple variations, and the value of yojana and its impact on calculations for the circumference of the Earth.