Jan- to Apr-2024

Editorial

By: Ashwani Kumar

Page No : i

Phytochemical Profiling of Coconut Haustorium by HR LC-MS MS QToF Analysis

By: Manju Manoharan , Mahesh S , Bindu R. Nair , Laija S. Nair

Page No : 1-7

Abstract
Cocos nucifera L. is a member of the Arecaceae family cultivated throughout tropical regions and it provides food, fuel, cosmetics, traditional medicines and building materials. Coconuts are well known for their medicinal and nutritional benefits and are considered to be very valuable plants. One of the lesser utilized edible products of the coconut palm is the coconut haustorium. The aim of the present study was to identify the phytoconstituents of coconut haustorium using HR LC-MS MS QToF Analysis. The major compounds identified through HR- LC MS were Quinic acid, Scopolin, Azelaic acid, BetaChacotriosyllilagen, Butoctamide hydrogen succinate, Icaceine, Convallagenin A, and Norrubrofusarin 6-betagentiobioside.

Authors: 
Manju Manoharan : Post graduate and Research Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Mahesh S. :  Post graduate and Research Department of Botany, Christian College, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Bindu R. Nair : Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Laija S. Nair : Post graduate and Research Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.1

Price: 251

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Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Fruit Extract of Anthocephalus Cadamba.

By: Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Avinash

Page No : 8-14

Abstract
Anthocephalus cadamba (A. cadamba), also known as Kadamb, is a fast-growing tree species found in tropical and subtropical regions of South China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. This plant has been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries due to its various medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antibacterial activities of fruits of A. cadamba extracts using the Poisoned Food Technique and the Disc Diffusion Antibacterial Test. The results of poisoned food technique showed that the methanol extract exhibited the highest antifungal activity among the tested extracts, followed by the ethanolic and acetonic extracts. In the Disc Diffusion tests, the test samples displayed varying degrees of antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings highlight the potential of A. cadamba as a source of natural antimicrobial agents. Further research is needed to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities and to explore their mechanisms of action and its use in healthcare applications.

Authors:
Kumar Abhishek : Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India.
Kumar Avinash : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.2

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Phytochemical Analysis of Rubus fockei Utilized in the Ethnomedicinal Traditions of the Kodagu District and its Cytotoxicity Evaluation on Hep G2 Cell Line

By: Ashitha Ganesh B. , M. P. Raghavendra , A. G. Devi Prasad

Page No : 15-25

Abstract
Among the numerous medicinal plant species growing in the wild, vaale pann or taxonomically the Rubus fockei sp. occupies its unique place in the traditional knowledge of Kodagu district in Western Ghats. In the present study, phytochemical screening of methanolic, and aqueous extracts of the leaves has revealed the presence of 12 different phytocompounds. Anticancer activity of both the extracts revealed significant inhibitory activity against HepG2 cell lines. HPLC analysis of the aqueous and methanolic extracts gave peaks at retention times 15.47, 34.44 and 21.541, 34.382, 34.677 respectively. LC-MS spectra of extracts of Rubus fockei from aqueous extract showed the presence of six compounds in the positive ion mode and nine compounds in the negative ion mode while the methanol extract showed the presence of 19 compounds in positive ion mode and 24 compounds in the negative ion mode. FTIR analysis of methanolic and aqueous extract revealed the presence of about 17 functional groups. The present study showed that extracts of Rubus fockei leaves possess anticancer properties, which could be explored further for pharmaceutical applications.

Authors:
Ashitha Ganesh B. : Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
M. P. Raghavendra : Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani’s Science College for Women Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
A. G. Devi Prasad : Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.3

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Identification and Molecular Authentication of Anisochilus scaber Benth. and Anisochilus Kanyakumariensis Shinoj & Sunojk. from Western Ghats, India

By: Farsana Salah S. , Suma M. , Suresh Kumar U. , Geetha Mini D. , Hyzil J.B. , Jayachithra S.K. , Viji V. ,

Page No : 26-31

Abstract
Anisochilus Wall. ex Benth is a genus of Lamiaceae family which includes medicinally and ethnobotani- cally important species like A. carnosus. It is a taxonomically significant genus because of its close similarity in morphological characters. There exists difficulty in identification of the species due to similar morphology. The present study attempts to molecularly validate two species of the genus, A. scaber and A. kanyakumariensis. from the Western Ghats of India using chloroplast (rbcL) and nuclear (ITS2) regions. In both species, rbcL works efficiently, however the ITS2 primer yielded no results. Gene sequences were submitted in NCBI. Evolutionary relationship of subtribe plectranthinae using Neighbour-Joining method is also discussed here.

Authors:
Farsana Salah S. : Department of Botany, Govt. College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Suma M. : Department of Botany, Sree Ayyappa College for Women, Chunkankadai, Nagerkovil, Tamil Nadu, India.
Suresh Kumar U. : Regional Facility for DNA Fingerprinting (RFDF), Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Geetha Mini D. : Department of Botany, Govt. College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Hyzil J.B. : Department of Zoology, Govt. College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Jayachithra S.K. : Department of Zoology, Govt. College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Viji V. : Department of Botany, Govt. College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.4

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In vitro Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Screening of Extracts from Selected Medicinal Plants Against Distinct Human Cancer Cell Lines

By: Anil Kumar H. S. , Kotresha D.

Page No : 32-41

Abstract
In this current study, in pursuit of novel anti-cancer alternative medicines, four medicinal plant extracts were investigated for phytochemical screening and in vitro cytotoxicity studies, and the most potent cytotoxic extract was utilised for qualitative analysis. For preliminary phytochemical screening, three phytochemical extracts, namely ethyl acetate extract (EAE), methanol extract (ME), and distilled water extract (DWE), of four plants, namely Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn., Aristolochia bracteolata Lam., Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., and Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corr., were screened, and the same were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay against four cell lines: namely Human Colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT 116), Human Hepatocellular adenocarcinoma (HepG2), Human lung carcinoma (NCIH-460), and Human Prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3). The presence of several phytochemicals was identified during the phytochemical screening. All IC50 values mentioning 17.50 and 29.47 μg/ml of EAE of A. bracteolata were found to have the strongest anticancer activity against NCIH-460 and HCT-116 cell lines, respectively. The EAE at IC50 of 17.50 μg/ml accounts for about 30 compounds after a qualitative GC-MS study, and it includes anticancer chemicals such as pentadeconic acid, phytol, phenol-2,4-bis 1,1-dimethylethyl, 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-ethylene-14-pentadecene, phytol-acetate, and others. The extract of ethyl acetate from A. bracteolata strongly suppressed the growth of malignant cell lines NCIH-460 and HCT-116 and included many physiologically active chemicals. This could be the first evidence of the antitumor efficacy of A. bracteolata in lung and colorectal cancer screening.

Authors:
Anil Kumar H. S. : Department of Studies in Botany, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
Kotresha D.: Department of Studies in Botany, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.5

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Functional Characterization of OsbHLH185 Transcription Factor in Arabidopsis Under Abiotic Stresses

By: Roshan K. V. Remesh , Jyothish Madambikattil Sasi , Biju Dharmapalan , Dhanya D.S

Page No : 42-49

Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play a pivotal role in governing various cellular processes associated with growth, development, and stress responses in plants. The current investigation aimed to conduct a functional characterization of a rice bHLH transcription factor gene, OsbHLH185, under several abiotic stress conditions, namely salt stress, mannitol stress, cold stress, and the application of abscisic acid (ABA). Transgenic Arabidopsis lines of OsbHLH185 were produced by over expression techniques and afterward employed for the investigation of stress response. The phenotypic, morphometric, and physiological parameters of the over-expression lines were assessed in the context of abiotic stressors. The transgenic plants with over-expression lines demonstrated a notable increase in tolerance to abiotic stress in comparison to the non-transgenic wild-type plants. The OsbHLH185 over expression lines had increased levels of the ABA biosynthesis gene NCED3 and signaling genes, which may be the cause of the phenotype of abiotic stress tolerance. The findings of this initial study can serve as a valuable resource for future investigations, while the utilization of OsbHLH185 in breeding research holds potential for the enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop species.
 

Authors:
Roshan K. V. Remesh : Department of Biotechnology, Sree Narayana Arts & Science College, Kumarakom, Kerala, India.
Jyothish Madambikattil Sasi : CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR), 14, Satsang Vihar Marg, New Delhi, India.
Biju Dharmapalan : School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Dhanya D. S. : Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College for Women, Kollam, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.6

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Systematic Study of Four Cash Crop Taxa of Piper L. From South West Bengal, India Based on Morphometric Analysis

By: Santanu Dash , Sayantan Tripathi , Amal Kumar Mondal

Page No : 50-61

Abstract
A comparative study on the basis of detailed morphological characters of four species of Piper L., viz. - Piper betle L., Piper nigrum L., Piper longum L. and Piper retrofractum Vahl., from southern districts of West Bengal, India was performed to draw a systematic conclusion. Both qualitative and quantitative morphological traits were considered. The usefulness of potential morphometric features was identified. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Multivariate Cluster Analysis (UPGMA) were used in establishing a systematic interrelationship among the taxa under study. In this study, potential morphometric traits were identified which were valuable in classifying these taxa. This study found highest level of similarity between P. longum L. and P. retrofractum Vahl., whereas, Pnigrum L. has least affinity with other three taxa.

Authors:
Santanu Dash: Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics and Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, UGC-DRS-SAP & DBT-BOOST-WB Supported Department, Department of Botany & Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
Sayantan Tripathi: Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics and Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, UGC-DRS-SAP & DBT-BOOST-WB Supported Department, Department of Botany & Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
Amal Kumar Mondal: Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics and Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, UGC-DRS-SAP & DBT-BOOST-WB Supported Department, Department of Botany & Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.7

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Effect of Chromium Oxide on the Growth Efficiency of Phormidium autumnale (Agardh)

By: S. Bagampriyal , B. Sadhana

Page No : 62-69

Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of photosynthetic procaryotic organisms grow well in different environments. They have an ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It can grow in heavy metal polluted environment by adsorbing the metal ions from the surrounding aquatic system. The present study analyzed the effect of chromium oxide concentrations on the growth of Phormidium autumnale by estimating the photosynthetic efficiency and physiological tolerance of organisms. Phormidium autumnale was isolated from the paddy field soil of Sakkimangalam, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu by using Blue green algal medium. It was treated with various concentrations of chromium oxide from 0.1ppm to 1ppm and estimating the photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, allophycocyanins and total nitrogen, protein and ammonia excretion in the culture medium. This study reported that the various concentrations of such chromium ions enhanced the photosynthetic and physiological efficiency of Phormidium autumnale and was well grown at the low concentrations of chromium ions. It was confirmed by estimating its photosynthetic efficiency, nitrogen fixation, protein content and ammonia excretion by the algal cells at various concentrations of chromium oxide. Its higher concentration affected the Phormidium growth when compared to control. This organism showed metal tolerance against the lower concentrations of Chromium oxide. Thus, this work has suggested that the application of cyanobacteria: Phormidium species distribution in the paddy field soil pretentiously fixed atmospheric nitrogen and showed the tolerance effect against the various applications of agro-chemicals with heavy metals generally applied in crop fields. The novelty of the work stated that the Cyanobacteria Phormidium showed metal tolerance against the chromium oxide at lower concentrations in aquatic medium.

Authors:
S. Bagampriyal : Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
B. Sadhana : P.G Department of Botany, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.8

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In vitro Propagation of a Dendrobium Hybrid (D. Apichart Rainbow x D. bigibbum var. compactum): An Important Orchid used for Potted Flowers

By: Johnnita Tirkey , Nihar Ranjan Nayak

Page No : 70-78

Abstract
Dendrobium hybrid orchids are widely used for potted flowers as well as for cut flowers. In this study, the Dendrobium hybrid (D. Apichart Rainbow x D. bigibbum var. compactum) widely used as the potted f lower because of the unique flower qualities was used. Availability of the planting materials is the major constraint for which the use of tissue culture technology is highly essential. Seed pods were formed through hand pollination on the plants growing at the orchidarium and mature seeds were brought to the laboratory. After surface sterilization and culturing on Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) medium for germination and further seedling development. Effects of different plant growth regulators on the seed germination were thoroughly analysed, and it was found that the seeds on BAP 0.25 mg/l showed the highest rates (90. 52%) of germination at 90 days of culture. On the same medium, at 18 months of culture healthy seedlings were formed, each had 2.0 roots and 3.0 leaves. The seedlings reached a height of 4cm at 18 months of culture. The young shoots produced on BAP 0.5 mg/l were used as the explants for the production of new shoots. The inclusion of BAP 2.5 mg/l showed the highest production of 15.0 shoots from each explant. The new shoots were transferred to MS nutrient medium containing 2.0 mg/l IBA for efficient root induction in which each shoot produced 4.33 numbers of roots at 180 days of culture. In vitro, raised shoots were successfully acclimated in the greenhouse for further growth and development.
 

Authors:
Johnnita Tirkey : Regional Plant Resource Centre, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Nihar Ranjan Nayak : Regional Plant Resource Centre, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.9

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Pharmacognostic Standardization and Physicochemical Evaluation of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke Leaves

By: Darshana Patil , Ria P. Mathew , Avinash Patil

Page No : 79-87

Abstract
Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, commonly known as ‘Kapoori Tulsi’ in Hindi and ‘Camphor Basil’ in English is a traditional medicinal plant belonging to Family Lamiaceae. The leaves of this plant are aromatic and are being traditionally used for the treatment of several ailments like cold and cough, abdominal pains, measles, diarrhoea etc. The rise in the use of plants like Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke in herbal products, has also given rise to various forms of abuse and adulteration of the products. Therefore, it is essential to assess their quality and purity. The present research work is an attempt to establish quality control parameters for Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke leaves so that it could be useful in setting some diagnostic parameters for the correct identification, standardization and preparation of monograph. Standardization was carried out in terms of pharmacognostic, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical analysis. Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated presence of various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, glycosides, mucilage, resins, tannins etc.

Authors:
Darshana Patil : Department of Botany, Smt. C.H.M. College, Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra, India.
Ria P. Mathew : Department of Botany, B.K. Birla College, Kalyan, Maharashtra, India.
Avinash Patil : Department of Botany, B.K. Birla College, Kalyan, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.10

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FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS based investigation of Urtica dioica L. roots methanol extract corroborate its usage in traditional orthopedic medicine of Darjeeling hills, West Bengal, India

By: Chandan Naskar , Projjwal Chandra Lama

Page No : 88-102

Abstract
Plants used for medicinal purposes have been used for thousands of years, and are well-known for their efficacy in a variety of treatments. Numerous plants used for medicinal purposes were identified and studied for their biochemical profile and characterized for finding functional groups. Urtica dioica L., with a common name Sishnu, belong to the family of Urticaceae. It is used traditionally to treat bone fracture healing and lowering the high blood pressure. The GC-MS analysis was carried out with methanolic extracts of Urtica dioica L. and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analysis was done with dried Urtica dioica L. root powder. A total of 74 phytochemical constituents have been identified by comparing the chromatogram peak values of unknown compounds with entries in NIST database. The major bioactive compounds found in the extract, which acts on orthopedic healing treatment were Dodecanoic acid, Tetradecanoic acid, Diethylene glycol monolaurate, Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, Hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, Methyl tetradecanoate, 15-Crown-5, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxatridecan-13-yl benzoate, Hexaethylene glycol, TBDMS derivative, Octadecanoic acid and 2-Hydroxyethyl ester. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of amines, alkene, alkyne, aromatic, alkylhalides, organic chloride, aliphatic amines and amide groups. The detailed investigation done with these processes helps in screening active compounds from plants which lead to further discovery of new drugs. Hence, this study offers fundamentals of employing Urtica dioica L. as herbal alternative for the treatment of orthopedic injuries.

Authors:
Chandan Naskar : Assistant Professor, P.G. Department of Botany, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
Projjwal Chandra Lama : Assistant Professor, P.G. Department of Botany, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.11

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Biochemical Changes and Oxidative Stress Responses in Allium cepa L. affected by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

By: Rameena K Jamal , Vimala Jose

Page No : 103-111

Abstract
The use of nanotechnology in agriculture has a positive influence on the food industry along with opening a new area of research in agroecosystems. In this paper, Iron (III) Oxide (Fe2 O3 ) nanoparticles (FeO NPs) were treated with onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds at various concentrations (1mM to 100mM) to investigate the effects on biochemical parameters, photosynthetic traits, and oxidative stress responses of seedlings. FeO-NPs were characterized using UV-Vis Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Positive effects were observed in seed germination and the growth of seedlings at lower NPs concentrations. The germination percentage, photosynthetic pigments, and nutritional contents of seedlings were enhanced by 5 mM to 10 mM NPs treatments, also significant decrease in the parameters was not observed at higher concentrations. Antioxidant enzyme studies which could throw light on the toxicity of NPs indicated that FeO-NPs at high levels resulted in lower stress rates whereas the low to moderate concentrations of FeO-NPs were beneficial to the plants. In general, the results indicated that FeO-NPs at low concentrations (5mM) could be useful for onion germination, growth, and biomass production. An increase in the content of antioxidant enzymes at higher concentrations of FeO-NPs pointed towards the plant defence mechanisms against oxidative stress induced by FeO NPs at high (50mM) concentrations. The study gives the effects of Iron oxide nanoparticles on growth, photosynthetic traits, and biochemical parameters of onion seedlings.

Authors:
Rameena K Jamal : Department of Botany, KKTM Govt. College, Kodungallur, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
Vimala Jose : Centre for Bionanotechnology, Research and Post Graduate Department of Botany, St. Thomas’ College, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.12

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Ethno Medicinal Plants Used For Fertility and Menstrual Disorders in Challakere, Karnataka

By: Virupaksha T.R. , Kotresha D.

Page No : 112-118

Abstract
The present study was conducted in our study area Challakere taluk, Karnataka; rural pockets are covered in different sessions and tribal information on medicinal plants and their use. The tribal health healers of Challakere taluk, Chitradurga, Karnataka, are poor in education. A total of 23 medicinal plant species belonging to 15 families were recorded; Fabaceae has the highest number of species followed by Malvaceae, Euphorbiacae, Moraceae, and Lamiaceae, Capparidaceae. The Capparis zeylanica is the most effective plant used in Challakere taluk. The information by tribal health healers is very scientific, so many research articles and journals publish the same plants.

Authors:
Virupaksha T.R.  : Department of Studies in Botany, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Tholahunase, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
Kotresha D. : Department of Studies in Botany, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Tholahunase, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.13

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Studies on the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of the Andrographis serpyllifolia (Rottler ex Vahl) Wight

By: Rathna Kumari B.M. , Raveesha H.R.

Page No : 119-128

Abstract
Andrographis serpyllifolia is a traditional medicinal plant used in curing wounds and jaundice for its potential antimicrobial properties. The present study was aimed to screening of phytochemical constit uents of A. serpyllifolia and to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial property. The results showed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, polysterols, terpenoids, etc. Intriguingly, higher amounts of phenolic content and alkaloids were found in the stem, flavonoids in the root and stem and tannins in the leaf. The antioxidant potential of the plant extracts determined by different methods showed differential inhibition values and was concentration dependent. The higher DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity were found in stem and leaf extract with an IC50 value of 23.81±5.71 µg/mL and 3.70±1.38 µg/mL respec tively. The reducing power scavenging activity was higher in the leaf extract (136.17±24.24µg/mL) and stem (152.7±10.13µg/mL). Whereas the total antioxidant capacity was noticed in stem and root extracts. The antibacterial activity was done against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Comparatively, leaf and stem extracts were more effective against B. subtilis with a maximum zone of inhibition (19.66±1.23 and 19.29±1.40 mm) followed by root extracts against E. faecalis (22.19±1.86 mm) at 30 µg/µL. Further, the leaf, stem, and root extract were efficient against E. coli with the zone of inhibition of 23.46±2.51, 19.66±2.25 and 21.66±2.15 mm respectively, at 30 µg/µL concentration. The studies conclude that A. serpyllifolia is a rich source of potential phytochemicals with antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

Authors:
Rathna Kumari B.M. : Department of Botany, Government First Grade College, Vijayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Raveesha H.R. : Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.14

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Role of Endophytes in Modulating Pythium Infection in Zingiberaceae – A General Review

By: Divya L. , Mani Shankar Babu

Page No : 129-137

Abstract
The Zingiberaceae family is widely recognized for its therapeutic and medicinal properties. Most of the members of this family being valuable spice crop, significantly boost the local economy in the areas where they are grown. Ornamental value of some members reserves a unique position. Tropical and subtropical nations rely heavily on the commercial cultivation of ginger and turmeric. India is home to some of the most varied and abundant populations of Zingiberaceae. Rhizome rot is the most devastating disease caused by Pythium species evidenced with almost 90% crop loss. Current approaches of disease control cannot be fully relied upon. So, there is an urgent need for effective alternatives. Endophytes are being extensively investigated as a potent biotic agent to manage a variety of diseases in many crop plants. The purpose of this review is to enumerate the studies conducted on the feasibility of using endo phytes against Pythium infection in Zingiberaceae.

Authors:
Divya L. : Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Mani Shankar Babu : Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.15

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Study of Growth Parameters in Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.

By: Manmohan Arya , Indu Singh Sankhla

Page No : 138-143

Abstract
In India the waste generated from agriculture crops does not have any proper industrial use. Mushroom is a fleshy, macroscopic fungus belonging to the basidiomycetes group of Mycota kingdom. Edible mushrooms have significant diversity in their cultivation. The climate of the northern hilly region of India is suitable for Agaricus whereas the southern is fit for Volvoriella cultivation. The subtropical region offers the perfect conditions for Pleurotus cultivation. Pleurotus has many species like P. ostreatus, P. florida, P. sapidus, P. djmor, P. eous etc. Pleurotus ostreatus is suitable for tropical and subtropical region of the country. Rajasthan produces several subtropical crops like Bajra, Mustard, and Wheat, which resulting in generation of lignocellulose-rich waste. This study investigated the impact of various agro-wastes on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. Three combinations of agro-crop wastes were employed and examined. Pleurotus ostreatus took the least amount of time for the spawn run in the Wheat-Mustard-Bajra (T3 ) combination, while the Wheat-Bajra (T1 ) combination saw the earliest primordia initiation. The T1 combination also saw the shortest maturation time and shortest harvesting period. Furthermore, among the three highest-weight individuals from each treatment, T3 exhibited larger dimensions compared to others, with weights of 22 gm, stem length of 6 cm, and cap dimensions of 8x9cm². Maximum harvested mushroom production (636 gm), biological efficiency (84.7%) and Moisture content (91.44%) were noted in the T2 combination. The goals of sustainable development will be met and an appropriate agro-waste for mushroom cultivation will be established with the aid of this study.

Authors:
Manmohan Arya : Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Indu Singh Sankhla : Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.16

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A Checklist of Angiosperms of Lungmaiching Hill Ranges, Manipur, Northeast India

By: Sarangthem Khonachand Singh , Syed Nusrat Amin , Athokpam Pinokiyo

Page No : 144-153

Abstract
A total of 338 species of Angiosperms belonging to 247 genera and 80 families have been recorded from Lungmaiching Hill Ranges located in Imphal east district, Manipur. The recorded species are classified under APG IV. Of these, highest species diversity is shown by Eudicots with 240 species, followed by Monocots with 84 species, Magnolids with 13 species, etc. The species composition is dominated by herbs (121 spp.) and trees (104 spp.) while others are represented by shrubs (76 spp.), epiphytes (21 spp.), climbers (15 spp.) and creeper (1 sp.). At family level, Fabaceae (22 spp.) showed highest species content and is followed by Orchidaceae (21 spp.), Asteraceae (21 spp.), Poaceae (20 spp.) and Moraceae (16 spp.). The study also reported Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites and Ficus hirta Vahl as new additions to the flora of Manipur.
 

Authors:
Sarangthem Khonachand Singh : Department of Botany, Imphal College, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Syed Nusrat Amin : Department of Botany, D.M. College of Science, Dhanamanjuri University, Manipur, India.
Athokpam Pinokiyo : Department of Botany, D.M. College of Science, Dhanamanjuri University, Manipur, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.17

Price: 251

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In-vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties in methanol leaf extract of Calanthe masuca (D. Done). Lindl. (Orchidaceae) of terrestrial an endangered orchid of Kolli Hills, in Tamil Nadu

By: Duraisamy Kavitha , Veeraiyan Nandagopalan , Seedar Deborah

Page No : 154-162

Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol leaf extract of Calanthe masuca (D. Done). Lindl through in-vitro methods. Antioxidant activity has been investigated using various assays, including 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylthydrezyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, ABT-assay, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, across different concentrations (500, 250, 100, 50, and 10 μg/ml). The in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through the albumin denaturation assay, measuring inhibitory activity at concentrations of 500, 250, 100, 50, and 10 μg/ml. A standard drug employed for comparison in the anti-inflammatory study. The results indicated significant antioxidant activity in the methanol leaf extract, as evidenced by IC50 values of 97.35 µg/ml (DPPH), 79.24 µg/ml (ABT-assay), 51.07 µg/ml (Hydrogen peroxide) and 28.62 µg/mg (Nitric oxide radical scavenging). The in-vitro anti-inflammatory assessment revealed inhibition of heat-induced albumin denaturation, with an IC50 value of 76.03 µg/mg. To conclude, Calanthe masuca (D. Done). Lindl’s methanol leaf extract has shown promising pharmaceutical and pharmacological activities, which highlight its potential therapeutic significance.

Authors:
Duraisamy Kavitha : PG and Research, Department of Botany, National College, Affiliates to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Veeraiyan Nandagopalan : Associate Professor, Department of Botany, National College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan Univeristy, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Seedar Deborah : Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohammed College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.18

Price: 251

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Insights of Micropropagation, Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from an Endangered Medicinal Plant Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.

By: Lavanya Nallasamy , Amutha Swaminathan , Deepika Krishnamoorthy , Girija Sangari Murugavelu , Swarna Lakshmi Selvaraj

Page No : 163-189

Abstract
Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. is a medicinal plant renowned for its pharmacological properties, faces threats due to habitat destruction and over-exploitation. This study targeted to explore micropropagation techniques to mitigate these challenges and investigated seed germination, callus formation from various explants, direct organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis. Surface sterilization methods were optimized to enhance seed germination rates. The seed coat is hard it prevents the seed germination, to overcomethe seed dormancy and the seeds were treated with 4℃ for 48 hours. The germination of 83.33% was achieved after the partial seed coat removal. Callus formation was induced from leaf, node, internode, and root explants using different hormone combinations. Maximum callus formation was observed on MS medium amended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6 – benzyl amino- purine (2,4-D+BAP) in all explants. Hormone combinations also influenced direct root and shoot formation, with higher concentrations promoting greater responses. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in leaf and root explants using 2,4-D and BAP. Optimal concentrations (1.5 mg/L each) resulted in the formation of globular stage embryos. Histological analysis revealed distinct cellular processes during somatic embryogenesis, including embryo differentiation. It emphasizes the importance of hormone optimization and provides insights into the stomatic embryogenesis driving the plant regeneration in R. tetraphylla, offering valuable contributions to tissue culture protocols and conservation efforts for the endangered medicinal plant.

Authors:
Lavanya Nallasamy : Department of Botany, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Amutha Swaminathan : Department of Botany, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Deepika Krishnamoorthy : Department of Botany, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Girija Sangari Murugavelu : Department of Botany, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Swarna Lakshmi Selvaraj : Department of Botany, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.19

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Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton

By: Prantik Hazra , Arghya Ghosh

Page No : 190-196

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate, the Brine shrimp activities and the larvicidal activities of Methanolic leaves and flower extracts of Calotropis procera. The larvicidal activities were studied on Anopheles, Culex, and Chironomus. Surviving larvae and brine shrimps were counted after every 3 hours up to 24 hours and the percentage of death at each dose and control was determined. The LC50 value of Brine Shrimps was 125 mg/ml at 24 hrs, for Anopheles larvae the value of this sample was 50 μg/ml at 24 hrs, for Culex larvae,75 μg/ml at 21 hrs, and for Chironomus larvae, 125 μg/ml at 18 hrs. Death of larvae was increased with the increased concentration of crude extract. However, the outcome of the study failed to show acute toxic effects on brine shrimp and Chironomus larvae; but significant toxicity was observed in methanolic leaf extracts of Calotropis procera in mosquito larvae. This could have serious implications in vector control strategies and minimizing impact on the environment.

Authors:
Prantik Hazra : Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
Arghya Ghosh : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.20

Price: 251

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Cycadofilicales (Pteridospermales)

By: Teena Agrawal , Prerana Badoni , Suman Kacholia , Manisha Chauhan

Page No : 197-205

Abstract
The discovery of this group of gymnosperms from the Palaeozoic era is one of the notable achievements of the palaeobotanist and it was of immense value to the palaeobotany & in phylogeny. It includes fern like plants which were dominant in the Devonian period. They extend into the beginning of the Mesozoic era, later on, there was a mass extinction of the pteridospermales, due to the misconception, that they were initially considered ferns and fern-like plants. Williamson (1897) first considered these plants as an intermediate of the ferns and cycads due to the morphological and anatomical similarity of the organs. H. Potonie (1899) was the first to give their names as the Cycadofilicales. Oliver and Scott ( 1904) named this group as pteridospermales due to the similarity between the ferns and spermatophytes. In this review article features of the order pteridospermales and their phylogeny have been discussed.

Authors:
Teena Agrawal : Department of Botany, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India.
Prerana Badoni : Forest Pathology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Suman Kacholia : Professor, Govt. P.G. College, Chimanpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Manisha Chauhan : Professor, Department of College Education, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2024.40.01.21

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Jan- to Apr-2023

Characterization, Screening and Application of Rhizobial Isolates on Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Productivity from the Rhizosphere Soil of DibruSaikhowa Biosphere Reserve (DSBR) Forest of Assam, India

By: Kumud Das , Apurba Saikia , Soneswar Sarma

Page No : 1-15

Abstract
An experiment was conducted with efficient Rhizobial isolates from the rhizosphere soil of Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve (DSBR) forest of Assam, India in both laboratory and field condition with black gram. The purification, authentication, characterization and screening of efficient isolates viz. MDB1 (Microbial Diversity Bacteria), MDB9 , MDB11, MDB12 and MDB15 have been done in vitro experiment in Gibson’s tube and Leonard jars. Lone inoculation of these five isolates in black gram with prominent parameters like dry weight (g, plant-1) of shoot and root, chlorophyll content (mg, g-1fresh wt.), N & P content (g/plant) and yield (kg, ha-1) were recorded in field condition. Dry weight of nodule (51 g, plant-1), shoot (7.80 g, plant-1) and root (3.55 g, plant-1) was observed high in MDB11 inoculation while low (nodule= 34, shoot= 5.60 and root= 2.30 g, plant-1) in MDB15. The N & P content showed high (3.15 & 1.86 mg/plant in shoot and 1.69 & 1.06 mg/plant in root) in MDB11 inoculation comparison to others. Subsequently, the highest productivity (460.48 kg, ha-1) of the test crop observed in due application of MDB11 while lowest (365.32 kg, ha-1) in MDB15. In this piece of research work, we used all the above-mentioned Rhizobium isolates as PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) which were isolated from Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve Forest of Assam.
This study thus underlines the potentials of the rhizobial isolates correspondence to the growth and development of black gram and submits this piece of work in original form for greater benefit of mankind in future.

Authors :
Kumud Das : Department of Botany, Nowgong College (Autonomous), Nagaon, Assam, India. 
Apurba Saikia : P.G. Department of Life Sciences, D.R. College, Golaghat, Assam, India.
Soneswar Sarma : Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.1

Price: 251

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Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Seed Germination Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Bark Extract of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb

By: Sumita Nair , Neeraja Tutakne

Page No : 17-28

Abstract
Nanotechnology, an emerging scientific domain promises potential applications in varied sectors. Currently, research in nanotechnology focuses on the optimization of nanoparticle synthesis. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an economic and non-toxic alternative to conventional methods. In the present study, aqueous bark extract of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. was used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-Visible Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of AgNPs with an absorption Surface Plasmon peak at 450nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for determining the functional groups in phytochemicals that act as reducing and capping agents in the synthesis process. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis denotes that AgNPs were predominantly spherical, with an average size of 18.84 ± 2.28nm. The bark extract was evaluated qualitatively by preliminary phytochemical screening. Antioxidant potential of biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were analyzed using the DPPH method in which biosynthesized AgNPs showed significant free radical scavenging potential. Antibacterial properties of biosynthesized AgNPs were analysed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were also checked for Germination Percentage, Germination Speed Index and Seedling Vigor Index on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Moong (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) seeds. The present study infers that Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. act as a potential source of green synthesis of AgNPs and may help to build a resilient system for its commercial applications in various fields.

Authors :
Sumita Nair and Neeraja Tutakne 
Department of Botany, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.2

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Anthocyanins as Natural Plant-derived Antifungal Agents

By: Nirmalkar Vaishali , Ansari Shahana , Shaikh Asfiya , Momin Naziya

Page No : 29-38

Abstract
Anthocyanins are polyphenolic compounds found as natural pigments in various parts of plants that share the same diphenyl propane skeleton (C6 C3 C6 ) and are collectively known as flavonoids. They are water-soluble pigments responsible for the blue, purple, and red color of various plant parts and are particularly abundant in fruits, flowers, and vegetables. These pigments are natural colorants that are low to non-toxic. They also show antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and food preservative properties. This study aims to perform in vitro analysis of the antifungal activity of anthocyanins extracted from different plant materials. Anthocyanins were extracted in acetone and acidified methanol. For qualitative determination of anthocyanins, thin layer chromatography was used whereas for quantitative determination pH differential method was used. The antifungal potential of anthocyanins was determined using the MIC and agar well diffusion methods against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. Acetone extract exhibited higher antifungal potential compared to acidified methanol extract against both fungal strains. It is suggested that anthocyanins, being strong antifungal agents, can be used to prevent fungal spoilage and deterioration of processed foods.

Authors :
Nirmalkar Vaishali, Ansari Shahana, Shaikh Asfiya and Momin Naziya
K.M.E Society’s G. M. Momin Women’s College, Bhiwandi, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.3

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Macrofungi in Some Areas of Borail Reserve Forest of Dima Hasao District, Assam

By: Mairingdi Jarambusa , Pradip Kumar Baruah

Page No : 39-48

Abstract
Macrofungi are ecologically resourceful group of organisms exists in every possible ecosystem. Borail Reserve Forest of Dima Hasao district, Assam is endowed with typical Sub tropical monsoon climate which provide adequate habitat for the growth and development of various types of vegetation as well as diverse species of macrofungi. The study attempts to assess the macrofungal diversity in certain areas of Borail Reserve Forest as it is yet to explore. The investigation was conducted in the year 2021 (June-December). Sampling was done using quadrat method each measuring 100×100m2 . During the survey, a total of 21 species belonging to 15 families were encountered and identified up to species level i.e. Auriculariaceae, Clavulinaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Ganodermataceae, Agaricaceae, Lyophyllaceae, Marasmiaceae, Polyporaceae, Phallaceae, Pluteaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Stereaceae, Tremellaceae and Xylariaceae. It is found that 20 species belong to basidiomycota group and only 1 species belongs to ascomycota group. However, Marasmiaceae and Polyporaceae family are found to be the most dominant family of macrofungi in the region. The inference of the study revealed the diverse treasure of macrofungi of Borail Reserve Forest. The record of macrofungi of the study gives the baseline information for the biological diversity. The significance of macrofungi is not only to balance the ecosystem dynamics but also in human diet and beneficial impact to health, which increases the need for the conservation of this valuable resource.

Authors :
Mairingdi Jarambusa : Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, India.
Pradip Kumar Baruah : Professor, Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.4

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Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Roots of Salvadora oleoides

By: Ritu Kumari , Neelam Poonar , Shweta Sharma , Anita Yadav , Sangeeta Kumari , Neetu Poonar

Page No : 49-56

Abstract
The reduction of plant diseases by the use of plant associated microbes is being increased nowadays. Microorganisms which are isolated from surface sterilized plant tissues and which have no negative impact on plant growth are called as endophytic microbes. In the present investigation, sampling of the Salvadora oleoides was done from 6 different sites of Rajasthan state. Endophytes associated with these plants were isolated and cultured. Then those were identified by biochemical and culture techniques. Results of our investigations confirmed the presence of Pseudomonas syringae in all the isolates.

Authors :
Ritu Kumari, Neelam Poonar, Shweta Sharma, Anita Yadav and Sangeeta Kumari
Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Neetu Poonar : Faculty of Science, G.D. Memorial College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.5

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Sacred Groves: A Novice Idea for Carbon Sequestration

By: Alpesh Malsatar , PK Mehta

Page No : 57-66

Abstract
The daily anthropogenic advancements of humans have led to an increase in global carbon emissions. Every year, there has been an increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. One of the least expensive ways to minimize this gap is by biological carbon sequestration in plants. Ecosystems of forests are the most significant carbon sinks among terrestrial ecosystems and have long-term sustainable impacts on limiting climate change. Sacred groves are known as the small patches of conserved forests protected by man’s spiritual beliefs and cultural practices. These sacred forest patches were studied from the ecological, environmental and floristic point of view by several research workers. Due to their religious and mythological myths and beliefs, sacred groves and sacred plants are conserved well. Apart from being conserved, these sacred plants can also have a higher potential for carbon sequestration. The total biomass and carbon sequestrated in the Sacred tree species have been estimated using a non-destructive method. The main focus of the current article is on estimating the carbon sequestration of sacred tree species in sacred groves found in selected areas Abdasa Taluka of Kachchh District. Total 51 sacred groves were recorded from 33 villages which cover approximately 23.64 hectares of land area. Carbon sequestration of 537 individuals of 23 tree species was estimated through the standard method. Ficus benghalensis L. is dominated in carbon i.e., 7.36 tones followed by Tamarindus indica L. (5.77 tones), Ficus religiosa L. (5.22 tones), Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf (3.02 tonnes). Lowest carbon sequestration was recorded in Prosopsis cineraria (L.) Druce, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub and Punica granetum L. less than 1 tonnes respectively.

Authors :
Alpesh Malsatar :  Research Scholar, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Bhuj, Gujarat, India.
PK Mehta : Assistant Professor, Government Science College, Mandvi, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.6

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Terrestrial Orchid Diversity in Sagara Taluk of Shimogga District Central Western Ghats Region of Karnataka

By: Soumya Mahabaleshwar Hegde , K Krishnaswamy

Page No : 67-74

Abstract
The current article evaluates the study of terrestrial orchids in Sagara taluk of Shimogga district, reports total 26 terrestrial orchid species in Sagara taluk region Shimogga district Karnataka from the period of January 2019-January 2022 and provides information on their distribution, phenology aspects and biological status in the district. Extensive field surveys were carried out periodically in different part of the taluk particularly in grasslands and hilly region to study the diversity and phenological character of the plant. It was noticed that, when compared to other species, the Habenaria species is richly distributed in Sagara taluk regions. During field visits also noticed some anthropogenic activities highly effects on the diversity of the terrestrial orchids. The further study has to be carried out to get more information related to diversity and current status of terrestrial orchid species in Sagara taluk region of Shimogga district Karnataka.

Authors :
Soumya Mahabaleshwar Hegde : Department of Applied Botany Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimogga, Karnataka, India.
K Krishnaswamy : Department of Botany, Sahyadri Science College, Shimogga, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.7

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Changes in Floral Diversity due to Livelihood Pressures in the Eco-sensitive Zone of Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya

By: Thoudam James Singh , Subhasish Das Gupta

Page No : 75-82

Abstract
The challenges in the management of diverse flora impacted by anthropogenic factors in areas governed by different land tenure systems are enormous notwithstanding lying in a classified biodiversity hot spot region in Meghalaya in North- east India. The attributes of the plant population in protected areas like Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary (NWLS), Nongkhyllem Forest (NRF), and District Council governed Eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) were studied using Important Value Index (IVI), Shannon’s and Weiner Diversity Index and Sorenson’s similarity index. Shorea robusta C.F.Gaertn., Tectona grandis Linn. L.f., Schima wallichii (D.C.) Korth, had the highest IVI value of 64, 56, 42, etc. respectively, while the diversity index showed maximum values of 0.78 in recorded forest area and minimum of 0.60 under district council area. Similarity index ranged between 16.67 % and 39.22 %. The species richness and diversity in the recorded forest area was higher compared to the forest under the district council. In addition, tree girth and density of other species were determined. The study revealed that the cultivation of betel nut (Areca catechu L.), betel leaf (Piper betle L.), broom (Thysanolaena maxima Kuntze) and banana (Musa spp.) though for livelihood and income generation contributed to vegetation alteration in the district council forest area. Strict enforcement of ESZ laws & creating alternative livelihood opportunities can help minimize biodiversity loss.

Authors :
Thoudam James Singh and Subhasish Das Gupta
Department of Environment & Traditional Ecosystems, Martin Luther Christian University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.8

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Curculigo Species: A Wide Spectrum Research Review

By: Pratibha Chaturvedi , Vinita Srivastava

Page No : 83-93

Abstract
Tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas are rich with Curculigo species belongs to family Hypoxidaceae. There are six species are reported of Curculigo, out of which, Curculigo orchioides (Gaertn.), is the most popular medicinally used species and commonly known as ‘kali musali’. Curculigo rhizome has been used for management for different ailments including for impotency, joint pain related problems, and diarrhoea in Chinese medicine and also used as a powerful immune-modulator with aphrodisiac property in the old traditional medical system. Present review covers the various aspects of Curculigo genus such as cultivation, phytochemical, pharmacognosy and biotechnological. After reviewing the medicinal value of Curculigo species, it can be concluded that the plant having tremendous potential for wide spectrum management of enormous diseases. The bioactive compound can be isolated and characterized for giving a model system for development of new drug hence this review will be useful for new drug discovery. The molecular aspect of the review will be helpful to identify the genuine plant material, which will be further used for development of novel herbal medicines. The illustration of Biotechnological approaches will be immensely applicable to develop new protocol for micro-propagation of this valuable and extinct plant species. The new and economically feasible technique for curculigoside extraction can be developed after knowing the basic knowledge of phytochemicals of this plant and will be given a source of entrepreneurship and empowerment of tribals. The developed technology for characterization and identification of bioactive principals of Curculigo species, will be useful for herbal based pharma industry, thus this review could be a mean to attain whole picture of Curculigo genus.

Authors :
Pratibha Chaturvedi : Consultant, Traditional medicine, Tribal Health Cell, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, New Delhi, India.
Vinita Srivastava : Advisor, Tribal Health Cell, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, New Delhi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.9

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Anatomy of Pedilanthus tithymaloides with Special Reference to Laticifers

By: Anshu Rani , Ashwani Kumar

Page No : 95-103

Abstract
Plant latex is a sap that is exuded from damaged vein. It is kept in a tissue specialized in exuding latex called laticifer and is kept inside laticifer cells. It works as an efficient defence system against herbivorous insects. Laticifer is a general term applied to a large and heterogenous group of cell types. In Pedilanthus tithymaloides the laticifers are an elongated; anastomosing network of cells which are non-articulated branched and are commonly located in the outer part of the vascular cylinder. Laticifers extend throughout the length of the plants.

Authors :
Anshu Rani : Professor, Department of Botany, SMCC Government College, Abu Road, Rajasthan, India.
Ashwani Kumar :  Professor, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.10

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Variations in Pyrrosia heterophylla (L.) Price Accessions and Evidence for the Occurrence of a New Pyrrosia Species in Kerala, South India

By: Ashitha Alenson , Sruthy Krishnan G , Mahesh S , Laija S Nair

Page No : 105-113

Abstract
Pyrrosia belonging to Polypodiaceae, commonly known as felt ferns is characterized by its simple leaves and the presence of stellate hairs in the frond. Despite the great range of variability within the species, accessions of P. heterophylla (L.) Price from Kerala have not been extensively examined. The present study aims at the morpho-anatomical comparison of accessions. The samples were collected and variable characters such as habitats, shape, colour, thickness, width, length of sterile fronds, length, width and spore arrangement of fertile fronds, scales and the internal structure of the rhizome, stipe, and lamina of 20 accessions were examined and photographed using Carl Zeiss photomicroscope. Observations of the epidermis, including stomata and stellate hairs, were also made. Coded binary states of characters were used for developing a data matrix, which was further analysed. Cluster analysis using the UPGMA method were done from which a dendrogram was constructed which represents the taxonomic relationships among the species. In terms of the morphology and anatomy of the plant parts, three of the 20 accessions differed from P. heterophylla (L.) Price.

Authors :
Ashitha Alenson, Sruthy Krishnan and Laija S Nair
Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Affiliated to the University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Mahesh S : Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, Christian College, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, Affiliated to the University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.11

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Ethno-medicinal Survey on Herbaceous Plant Resources of Cachar District of Assam, India

By: Mukul Kumar Baruah

Page No : 115-125

Abstract
An ethno-medicinal survey was carried out to collect information and its documentation of the folk knowledge and diversity of uses of ethno-medicinal herbaceous plants from the tribal and rural inhabitants of the Cachar district of Assam during the period of 2018–2021. The area comprises of diverse medicinal herbs as well as diversity in ethnic groups and culture practices associated with plant diversity. The indigenous knowledge of folk medicinal herbs was collected from the field through personal communication with the inhabitants of the remote villages of the district and through repeated enquiries from local folk. In the present survey, a total of 112 species under 101 genera of herbaceous plants belongs to 60 families were collected, identified and documented. The study reveals that the ethnic and rural peoples of the survey area are depending on traditional medicinal plants for many of their primary health care. During the survey, it was found that due to anthropogenic activities (i.e., deforestation, construction of roads, urbanization and modernization, etc.) many of the important medicinal herbs used by the tribal and ethnic groups became rare, endangered and threatened. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the conservation and propagation activities of these ethno-medicinal herbs for future generations.

Author :
Mukul Kumar Baruah : Department of Botany, Cachar College, Silchar, Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.12

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Traditional Medicolore in Dhadgaon Tehsil of Nandurbar District (Maharashtra: India)

By: Dhale D. A.

Page No : 127-135

Abstract
The Dhadgaon tehsil is predominantly tribal area. The tehsil is studded with various tribes viz., Bhil, Pawara, Dhanaka, etc. They have their way of life, dialect and beliefs. Their mediclore is traditional. They have experimented by trials and errors to develop traditional plant knowledge, which they pass down verbally generations. Information on native medicinal uses was obtained through direct field interviews with traditional healers, elder tribal men and women, heads of villages and hamlets. The importance of plant-based medicines and the application of traditional knowledge, skills, customs, and practices related to primary healthcare among tribal and rural is presented in this report, which includes 50 plants pertain to 49 genera and 32 angiospermic families. Recipes such as fresh juice, decoction, infusion, paste, powder, oil, and other recipes are utilized. They employs, various plant parts such as roots, stems, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and tubers, as well as latex.

Author :
Dhale D. A. : PG-Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.S.’s, L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.13

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Comparative Pharmacognostic Screening of Tribulus terrestris and Tribulus subramanyamii

By: Dhale D. A. , Snehal N. Dhawale

Page No : 137-144

Abstract
The genus Tribulus belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae comprises approximately 25 species that grow as prostrate. This study will collect Tribulus terrestris L. and Tribulus subramanyamii P. Singh, G.S. Giri & V. Singh. and analyzed for their macroscopic, microscopic and phytochemical properties. Selected plant species were collected from three geographical locations in Maharashtra State, India. To confirm the quality and authenticity of plants, standard pharmacognostic procedures described in standard reference books were used to conduct a comparative analysis of Tribulus sps. The current study examines pharmacognostic studies on its numerous parts, such as the stem, leaf, flower and fruit. The study shows the presence of unicellular trichomes on leaf section are substantially less denser in T. subramanyamii than T. terrestris. In numerous tests for qualitative analysis of distinct Tribulus sps. phytochemical substances such as alkaloids, starch, carbohydrates, tannin, saponins, glycosides, phenol, flavonoids, and proteins were found to be present.

Authors : 
D. A. Dhale : Post-Graduate, Department of Botany, SSVPS’s, L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule (M.S.), India.
Snehal N. Dhawale : Department of Botany, Matoshri Subhadrabai Patil Arts, Science and Late Pandurang Thakare Commerce College, Manora, Dist. Washim (M.S), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.14

Price: 251

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Ethnomedicinal Assets of Patala (Stereospermum suaveolens Roxb. DC. and Stereospermum colais Buch. -Ham.ex Dillw.) - A Review

By: Vishwatej V. Parkhi , Swati P. Dabhi , Bhupesh R. Patel , Kalpesh B. Panara

Page No : 145-162

Abstract
From the family Bignoniaceae, Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC. and Stereospermum colais (Buch.- Ham.ex Dillw.) are source plants for the classical ayurvedic drug named ‘Patala’. It is group member of ten plants known as ‘Dashmoola’. Present review encompasses all the ethnomedicinal information along with the domestic uses available regarding Patala. For this, published ethnomedicinal claims from 32 books related to ethnomedicine, 59 botanical and state floras available in central library of ITRA, Jamnagar and online (website of Botanical Survey of India) and 30 research articles were reviewed till August 2022. Collected data is depicted in tables under the headings like name and place of the reporting area/state and tribes, local names, useful part with indication and method, mode of application external or internal, etc. Stereospermum species are reported in approximately 19 states and 48 tribes of India. Its root-root bark, stem-stem bark, leaves, fruits and seeds are used in 46 disease conditions. Fever, hiccough, asthma, cough are some of its major therapeutic indications. Among the useful parts, root & root bark have maximum claims in 26 disease conditions. Stem & stem bark have 19 disease applications followed by leaves in 12, flowers in 10 and seeds in 3. Parts of Patala also have domestic uses in preparation of dye, drinks, furniture and as fuelwood. This attempt shows multidimensional qualities of Stereospermum species. Its ethnomedicinal claims coincides exactly with its indications in classical Ayurvedic texts and can be incorporated in pharmacological and clinical studies to further strengthen the evidence.

Author :
Vishwatej V. Parkhi : PhD Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, ITRA, Jamnagar, India.
Swati P. Dabhi : PhD scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat.
Bhupesh R. Patel : (MD, PhD Ayu.) Head, Departent of Dravyaguna, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat
Kalpesh B. Panara : (MD, PhD Ayu.) Assistant professor, Department of Dravyaguna, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.15

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Orchid Diversity in Community Managed Subtropical Forests in Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, Northeast India

By: Aabid Hussain Mir , Rajib Borah , Nellie V. Kharbuli , Khrote-u Lasushe , Chaya Deori , Gunjana Chaudhury , Krishna Upadhaya , Hiranjit Choudhury

Page No : 163-175

Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the orchid diversity in community managed subtropical broad-leaved forests in Khasi Hills of Meghalaya. A total of 87 community forests were surveyed in Khasi Hills. The study revealed the presence of 123 species belonging to 54 genera. The highest numbers of species (66) were recorded in sacred forests, followed by reserved (51) and village (32) forests. Majority of the recorded species (87) were epiphytic and 36 were terrestrial. Of all the species, 28 (22.76%) were recorded as endemic and 12 (9.76%) were rare. Dendrobium with 19 species was the dominant genera followed by Coelogyne with 11 species. Owing to a number of anthropogenic disturbances followed by habitat loss, these species are subjected to continuous threat, hence warrants immediate conservation actions. Therefore, it is suggested that mass propagation, through conventional and tissue culture techniques should be adopted to conserve the dwindling orchid diversity of the state.

Authors :
Aabid Hussain Mir, Khrote-u Lasushe and Gunjana Chaudhury
Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Rajib Borah, Nellie V. Kharbuli, Krishna Upadhaya and Hiranjit Choudhury
Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Chaya Deori : Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.16

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Phytochemical Analysis of Dried Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder

By: Sakshi Pathak , Bharti Jain

Page No : 177-184

Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a bio-diversified plant found in many countries of the world specifically tropical and subtropical areas. The leaves of M. oleifera are enormous source of various nutrients and bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds are secondary metabolites called phytochemicals. The presence of phytochemicals in M. oleifera leaves contributes to its medicinal and therapeutic properties. The present study was carried out with the objective to analyse the content of certain phytochemicals i.e. total phenol content, flavonoids, tanins, saponins, and alkaloids in dried M. oleifera leaves. The analysis was done on the extract of four different dried M. oleifera leaf samples using appropriate methods. It was found that the average content of various phytochemicals in per 100 gm of all four samples was 4.70±0.64 mg of total phenol, 0.58±0.15 mg of flavonoids, 25.27±1.68 mg of alkaloids, 16.02±3.18 mg of saponins and 4.55±0.41 mg of tanins. The highest content was of alkaloids. The presence of these phytochemicals in dried M. oleifera leaves indicates that dried leaf powder of M. oleifera can be used for various pharmacological and medicinal purposes.

Authors :
Sakshi Pathak : Senior Research fellow, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, India.
Bharti Jain : Professor and Head, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.17

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Evaluation of Adulteration, Caffeine Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Different Black Tea Brands

By: Babita Rana , Sakshi V Ghatge

Page No : 185-190

Abstract 
Tea established as a refreshing stimulant beverage rich in caffeine, sugars, lipids, and aromatic substances demonstrates a wide variation in the quality depending on the type of brand. In this study, five different black tea market brand samples collected from the local market were evaluated for adulterants, caffeine content, and antioxidant activity. Based on the laboratory tests, artificial colors, azo colours, and sand was detected in 80% of tea samples. Caffeine content was determined by the chloroform method. The tea samples exhibited a wide range of antioxidant activity (3.29±1.03 to 15.96±1.2) assayed by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. These investigations could go a long way in promoting the production of quality foodstuff in the larger interest of consumers.

Authors :
Babita Rana and Sakshi V Ghatge
Department of Botany, G N Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.18

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Evaluation of Peroxidases from Various Medicinal Plants

By: Gopa Sarma

Page No : 191-198

Abstract
Peroxidases is an enzyme which is used in various biotechnological techniques. They are found in all plants and utilize either H2 O2 or O2 to oxidise wide variety of molecules. Considering various important uses of peroxidase, the present study deals with the evaluation of peroxidase in few selected medicinal plants like; Clitoria ternate, Brassica oleracea and Physalis minima. Effect of pH and temperature on the kinetics of the enzyme was also studied.

Author :
Gopa Sarma : Department of Botany, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts Science and Commerce, Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.19

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Correlation Between Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Different Leaf Extracts of Entada rheedi

By: Lekshmy R. Nair , M. Balasubrahmanian

Page No : 199-208

Abstract
The main aim of this study was to determine Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, terpenoid content, steroid content and analyze the antioxidant activity of different leaf extracts of Entada rheedii. Correlation between antioxidant activities and total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, terpenoid content and steroid content were also analyzed. The total phenolic content in E. rheedii hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous leaf extracts were found to be 10.16 mg GAE/g, 24.73 mg GAE/g, 26.11 mg GAE/g, and 24.85 mg GAE/g sample dry weight respectively. The Total flavonoid content of E. rheedii hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous leaf extracts was found to be 8.433 mg QE/g, 8.730 mg QE/g, 8.607 mg QE/g, and 8.545 mg QE/g respectively. Hexane extract showed the highest steroid content at 32.75 g/mL, followed by ethyl acetate extract at 31.37 g/mL. The methanol extract and aqueous extract had the lowest steroid content at 22.2 g/mL and 21.21 g/mL, respectively. Terpenoid content was the highest in hexane extract with 62 mg/100 mg of dry extract, followed by the ethyl acetate extract with 45 mg/100 mg dry extract. The total content of terpenoids in the methanol extract was 25 mg/100 mg dry extract and the total content of terpenoids was lowest in the aqueous extract with 18 mg/100 mg dry extract. In 1-1-diphenyl2-picryl hydrazine Free Radical Scavenging (DPPH) Assay, the methanol extract displayed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 173.581 µg/mL while the hexane extract showed the lowest activity; with IC50 value of 389.13 µg/mL. Reducing power assay was evaluated and aqueous extract was shown to possess the highest reducing power. Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum assay indicated that methanol extract had the highest antioxidant capacity. Significant correlations were also found between Total Phenol Content, Total flavonoid Content, and antioxidant activities of different leaf extracts of Entada rheedii.

Authors :
Lekshmy R. Nair : Department of Botany and Biotechnology, KVM College of Arts and Science, Kokkothamangalam, Cherthala, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
M. Balasubrahmanian :  Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous) Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.20

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Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Trigonella foenum-graecum: A Study with Reference to Drug Discovery

By: Meesala Guru Sekhar , Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam , Kanchi Siva Prasad

Page No : 209-214

Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum (TG) is one of the important medicinal plant which have antioxidant, antidiabetic, antilipidemic and antimicrobial properties. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging properties, the total phenolic, total flavonoid content and phytochemical screening of Trigonella foenum-graecum. The antioxidant activities like 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl activity, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and reducing power activities are investigated in the methanolic extract and aqueous extract of TG. Results of this study showed that TG possess good free radical scavenging activity in methanolic extract than aqueous extract. Significant levels of phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in TG. The phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds etc. are present in methanolic extract and aqueous extract of TG. Our investigation indicates that free radical scavenging activities, phenolic and flavonoid compounds in TG may play an important role in reducing the oxidative stress in diseases like diabetes, cancer and heart attack.

Authors :
Meesala Guru Sekhar : Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Cumbum, Prakasam District, A.P, India.
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam : Department of Zoology, PRR & VS Government Degree College, Vidavalur, SPSR Nellore District, A.P, India.
Kanchi Siva Prasad : Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Gudur, SPSR Nellore District, A.P, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.21

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Foliar Sprays of Salicylic Acid Induce Diosgenin Synthesis in The Leaves of Hellenia Speciosa (J. Koenig) S.R. Dutta

By: Aswindas T.P , Satheesh George

Page No : 215-223

Abstract
hellenia speciosa (J. Koenig) s.r. dutta, commonly known as spiral ginger, is a potent medicinal plant in the family Costaceae. it has a wide range of applications in traditional and modern medicine with many active ingredients. diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin obtained from h. speciosa. it is commercially used as an important raw material for the synthesis of steroidal drugs. Foliar sprays of salicylic acid (sa) were used to study the induction of diosgenin synthesis in the leaves of h. speciosa. three different concentrations, 1mM, 5mM, and 9mM, were applied on plants grown in shade net houses. after 60 days of weekly sa application, plants were harvested along with rhizome, dried, and extracted in methanol using the soxhlet apparatus. acid hydrolysis was performed to obtain diosgenin in the extract. the highPressure thin layer Chromatography (hPtlC) technique was used to detect the presence of diosgenin in the methanolic extract of leaves. elicitation of diosgenin synthesis was evident in all three extracts obtained from salicylic acid-treated plants. diosgenin was obtained at an rf maximum of 0.58-0.59. the amount of diosgenin was quantified with chromatographic techniques. the maximum quantity of diosgenin was present in the extract treated with 9mM sa. this experiment highlights the effect of stress signals on selected secondary metabolites.

Authors :
Aswindas T.P and Satheesh George
Research Fellow, Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Calicut, Devagiri Calicut, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.22

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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantification of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Achyranthes aspera L. Leaf Powder

By: Poornima Harikatha , Lakshmi Devi Kodidhela , Jaykumar J. Chavan

Page No : 225-231

Abstract
Plant extracts have been used since ages for the treatment of various ailments in India and their market is growing globally as well. Achyranthes aspera is one such promising plant with known medicinal properties. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening is necessary to evaluate the therapeutic and antioxidant properties of the medicinal plants. In the present study, we evaluated the bioactive chemical constituents and their in vitro antioxidant potential of A. aspera leaf extract in different solvents. The soxhlets of A. aspera leaf powder in different solvents – methanol, ethanol, aqueous and chloroform on phytochemical screening showed positive results for carbohydrates, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. Alkaloids and terpenoids are present in all the extracts except in chloroform extract. Total contents phenols (22.282 gm/100 gm) were found higher as compared to total contents of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids. Moreover, all antioxidant assays confirmed the antioxidant potential of leaves of A. aspera. Thus, A. aspera is rich in phytochemicals that are needed for its antioxidant potential against various disorders.

Authors :
Poornima Harikatha and Lakshmi Devi Kodidhela
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Jaykumar J. Chavan
Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.23

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Analysis and Characterization of Phytochemical Compounds Present in Methanolic Extract of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Bark

By: Swati Shikha , Anil Kumar

Page No : 233-237

Abstract
Plants have been used as medicines throughout history due to the presence of therapeutic and healing properties. These medicinal properties of plants lies in phytochemicals present in them. Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser is commonly found ethnomedicinal tree in India and is well known for its therapeutic properties. The present study reports the phytochemical investigation of bark of Neolamarckia cadamba. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used for the identification and analysis of phytochemicals compounds. Twenty-three major phytochemical compounds were identified in methanolic extract of bark of Neolamarckia cadamba. Some of those were Tetradecanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, gamma-Sitosterol, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, Oleic Acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural while others were present in comparatively small amount. Identified phytochemicals reported to have numerous pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, antioxidant, anti-hepatotoxic and anti-parasitic. These biological activities show and acknowledge Neolamarckia cadamba as a medicinally important tree.

Authors :
Swati Shikha : Research scholar, University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
Anil Kumar : Associate Professor, University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.24

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Effects of Urea Coated Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants on Varieties of Brassica juncea L.

By: Alka Walia , Dheera Sanadhya

Page No : 239-248

Abstract
In the present investigation, urea coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (UHANPs) were synthesized, and characterized by using X-ray diffraction, FESEM, and FTIR techniques. Then, their effects at different concentrations (250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm) were observed for various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of two varieties of Brassica juncea L. i.e. GIRIRAJ, and NRCBH101. Those were also weighup with control plants and plants grown in treatments with the same concentrations of urea. Results revealed that synthesized nanoparticles were 23-32 nm in size, and for all the parameters, the antioxidants like NPT, Polychelatins were found to the higher at treatment with 1000 ppm of Urea when compared to others while minimum concentration of these with UHANP (500 ppm). However, SOD increases with higher concentration of UHANPs and urea while other enzymatic antioxidants like APX and catalase declines. However, SOD declined with higher concentration of urea. All the results were statistically compared.

Authors :
Alka Walia and Dheera Sanadhya
School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.25

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Citrus Fruit Peels: From Waste to Worth

By: Nidhi Parmar , V. H.Patel , Viraj Roghelia

Page No : 249-256

Abstract
Citrus fruits are most commonly consumed fruits. However, the peels of these fruits yield a huge waste. The peels also contain important phytoconstituents. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of peels of two selected citrus fruits (sweet lime and lemon). The peels were extracted using four solvents namely methanol, ethanol, acetone and distilled water. The extracts were analysed for total phenolic content, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The result revealed that highest antioxidant profile was found for methanol extract of both sweet lime peel and lemon peel as compared to other extracts. The extracts of peels of sweet lime possessed higher total phenol, flavonoid and FRAP. The antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH RSA and FRAP were attributed mainly to total phenolics as compared to flavonoids for both the peels. The higher antioxidant potential of peels of selected citrus fruits make them key ingredient for the development of functional foods and other supplementary products.

Authors :
Nidhi Parmar, V. H.Patel and Viraj Roghelia
P. G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.26

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Phytotoxic Effect of Heavy Metals on Growth Parameters of Mung Bean Seeds (Vigna radiata)

By: Asha Rani

Page No : 257-269

Abstract
In this investigation, effect of heavy metals present in city waste water on mung bean seeds was studied. The effluent significantly inhibited the germination, shoot and root length. The increase concentration of different heavy metals present in city waste water reduces the germination percentage, shoot length and root length of the seedlings. Reduction in all these parameters affects the other observed biochemical parameters i.e. chlorophyll content and nitrogen content.

Author :
Asha Rani
Associate Professor, P.G. Department of Botany, Bareilly College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.27

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Semi-automatic Vegetable Transplanters: A Review

By: Sandip M. Nage , S. M. Mathur , S. S. Meena , Virendra Singh , Sunil Joshi , Naveen Kumar C

Page No : 271-284

Abstract
The objective of this study was to review the research and development in semi-automatic vegetable transplanters. Discuss the various semi-automatic vegetable transplanters on the basis of metering mechanism, power source, plant spacing, number of rows, field capacity, field efficiency, etc. On the basis of review, it is observed that the transplanting rate, field capacity and field efficiency is better than handheld and traditional method of vegetable transplanting. It maintains the row to row and plant to plant distance and planting depth which helps in after transplanting mechanical practices on the farm. It is effective to increase the production as well as quality of the produce. Also, it saves a lot of time and money.

Authors :
Sandip M. Nage, S. M. Mathur and S. S. Meena
Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.

Virendra Singh : Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
Sunil Joshi : , Department of Electronics, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.28

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May- to Aug-2023

Honoring Dinesh Chandra Uprety (1945-2023): A Great Teacher, An Outstanding Scientist, and A Wonderful Human Being

By: Sudhir K. Guru , Pallavi Saxena , Leena Borah , Vijay Paul , Rakesh Pandey , Govindjee Govindjee

Page No : 1-13

Abstract
We honor here Dinesh Chandra Uprety (1945-2023), one of the most remarkable plant scientists of India, who devoted most of his life in solving the question of how best to tune the crop plants so that they can serve the growing human population in this world. We have provided here a glimpse of his personal life as well as his remarkable scientific contributions. Also, we provide here reminiscences by a few who had the privilege of knowing him closely. We miss Dinesh Uprety not only for his highly important research for the benefit of us all- but for his friendship to us all. He was a wonderful friend to us, extremely polite and gem of a human being. He was scientist par excellence.

Authors :
Sudhir K. Guru : Department of Plant Physiology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India.
Pallavi Saxena : Department of Environmental Sciences, Hindu College, University of Delhi, India
Leena Borah : Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Vijay Paul and Rakesh Pandey : Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.1

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Reminiscences of Manmohan Manohar Laloraya: A Great Friend to Many, and A Visionary Leader

By: Govindjee Govindjee , Durga Prasad Tiwari , Raghuveer Raj Prasad , Harbans Kaur Kehri , Aishwarya Narain , Daya Prakash Sinha , Sushma Naithani

Page No : 15-30

Abstract
Dr. Manmohan Manohar Laloraya (September 1, 1932- February 18, 2023) was an outstanding teacher, researcher and administrator who mentored many scholars who themselves became leaders. He was gifted with a brilliant mind and unique research career, working with both plants and animals. He had received numerous awards and honours in his lifetime including the distinguished plant physiologist award in 1995, and being the Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India. We present below his brief biography, which is followed by his extraordinary research contributions on both plants and animals. We end this “In memoriam” with personal reminiscences of some of his class fellows, research collaborators, and life-long friends, and a 1958 group photograph with many at a conference.

Authors :
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Durga Prasad Tiwari : Department of Botany, Government Science College, Jabalpur, MP, India
Raghuveer Raj Prasad : Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Harbans Kaur Kehri : Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, India
Aishwarya Narain : I-204, Sector-1, SunCity, S. P. Ring Road, South Bopal, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Daya Prakash Sinha : B-255, Sector 26, Noida, UP, India
Sushma Naithani : Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.2

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Invitro and Mass Multiplication of Cymbidium mastersii an Ornamental Orchid through Protocorm-like Body Formation

By: A. Kavitha , A. Rajani

Page No : 31-38

Abstract
The epiphytic orchid species known as Cymbidium mastersii can only be found in the region of India known as Northeast India. The preservation of wild populations faces a significant obstacle in the form of a significant threat when it comes to the necessity of obtaining an additional source of the material required to fulfil commercial demands. The objective of this research was to build an in vitro system for the bulk multiplication of C. mastersii, and it was successful in that endeavour. This required the capacity to control the growth of the seedlings through the development of the primary protocorm and germination from a limited number of fruit capsules. Also necessary was the ability to limit the amount of fruit capsules that could be used. Each protocorm resulted in the production of a number of robust plantlings that, once they had been separated from their mother plant, flourished in the conditions of the greenhouse. The child plants, in terms of both their size and the development they underwent, were genetically identical to their parent plant. The streamlined process will make it possible to cultivate Cymbidium mastersii for use in the commercial sector, which will reduce the negative influence on remaining viable wild populations. We offer here for the very first time a method of producing C. mastersii on a commercial scale that makes use of bioreactor technology.

Authors :
A. Kavitha and A. Rajani
Department of Botany and Food & Nutrition, RBVRR Women’s College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.3

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An Ethnobotanical Study of Important Woody Medicinal Plants of Jalaun District of Bundelkhand Region

By: Ajay Kumar , R. K. Verma

Page No : 39-48

Abstract
The present investigation deals with the folk knowledge of important woody medicinal plants species that are used by the rural folks of the five sites of Jalaun district of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India for the management of different kinds of ailments, found in these sites. The majority of the common vegetation in the Jalaun district is represented by tropical dry deciduous forest and scrub thorn forest. The ethnobotanical investigation revealed 51 woody plant species belonging to 46 genera and 31 families. In this investigation Caesalpiniaceae (5 sp.) was the dominant family followed by Mimosaceae, Moraceae (4 sp. each), Apocynaceae, Boraginaceae and Fabaceae (3 sp. each). Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia variegata, Calotropis gigantea, Terminalia arjuna, Aegle marmelos, Justicia adhatoda, Ziziphus mauritiana and Dalbergia sissoo were the most common plant species in the district. The investigation reveals that there is not any involvement of younger generation in this research so such knowledge is at the risk of disappearance in the future.

Authors :
Ajay Kumar and R. K. Verma
Department of Botany, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.4

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Cyathodium denticulatum (Cyathodiaceae; Marchantiophyta): A Rare Species New to Bryoflora of Jharkhand, India

By: SK. Rasidul Islam , Amal Kumar Mondal , Devendra Singh

Page No : 49-54

Abstract
Cyathodim denticulatum Udar & S.C.Srivast. has been discovered for the first time from Jharkhand, earlier recorded from the Eastern Himalaya (Darjeeling) and Central India (Chhattisgarh) only. A detailed taxonomic description along with illustration, ultrastructure of spores and elaters are provided herewith.

Authors :
SK. Rasidul Islam and Amal Kumar Mondal : Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics and Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, UGC-DRS-SAP & DBT-BOOST WB Supported Department, Department of Botany & Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
Devendra Singh : Botanical Survey of India, AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.5

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Barium Promoted Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Higher Plants in Solution Culture

By: Lokesh Kumar Choudhary , A. Kumar

Page No : 55-62

Abstract
The effects of various concentrations of barium (Ba) on seed germination and early seedling growth of wheat and mung bean were studied. Ba influenced the seedling growth of wheat and mung bean in similar fashion. Ba enhanced the germination relative index at lower concentration (upto 10 μg ml-1). The relative yield of biomass increased at lower doses of Ba and decreased at higher concentration (>100 μg ml-1). Lower applied doses of Ba showed a maximum index of tolerance while higher applied doses of metal showed a toxic effect on plant growth. The toxic effect of barium on mung bean was more marked than on wheat.

Authors :
Lokesh Kumar Choudhary and A. Kumar
Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan. Jaipur, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.6

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Unravelling the Mode of Action of Wound Healing Efficiency with the Compounds Screened from Hygrophila auriculata by Molecular Docking Studies

By: Deepika E , Santhy KS

Page No : 63-76

Abstract
Hygrophila auriculata is one of the traditional herbal plants utilized by many rural folks to heal wounds. According to the traditional knowledge, the roots of the plant would be highly effective for wound healing. The plant-based secondary metabolites remain an essential aspect in developing novel drug candidates. The early screening of bioactive compounds for a therapeutic property would be strongly evidenced to carry out the in vitro and in vivo studies. The current study focuses on screening bioactive compounds involved in wound healing using in silico molecular docking studies. The LCMS analysis of H. auriculata yielded about 15 compounds in positive and negative modes with the greatest medicinal properties. The drug-likeness, physicochemical properties, and bioactivity scores were evaluated for 15 compounds using SWISS ADME online tool. The compounds that indicate drug like properties and adhere to the permissible parameters are epiafzelechin, betulin, caffeic acid 3-glucoside, quercetin, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, chlorogenic acid, myristic acid, and 5, P coumaroyl quinic acid implying to be a cell-permeable and orally active drug. The bioactivity scores indicated that the compounds to be highly active. The binding affinities were checked with the wound pathogenic proteins such as Elastase, Glycogen synthase kinase-3β, gelatinase, and collagenase. The compounds that fall within the drug-likeness limit were further evaluated for ADMET properties and predicted that majority compounds are nontoxic and easily absorbed. The docking score ranged from -1.56 kcal/mol to -9.65 kcal/mol which exhibited the strongest binding affinity. The effective binding of compounds like epiafzelechin, betulin, kaempferol-7-O-Glucoside, linoleic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin with these proteins provides evidence for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanism that promotes wound healing of Hygrophila auriculata root.

Authors :
Deepika E and Santhy KS : Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.7

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Biochemical Changes due to Pathogenesis in French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Infected by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn

By: Nikita Deka , Rajashree Bordoloi , Dipanjali Devi , Phatik Tamuli

Page No : 77-81

Abstract
French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is native to South America. French bean has evolved from wild growing vine distributed in the high lands of Middle America and Andes. This important legume crop is grown for its dry grain and tender pods in North-Western India. This offseason crop can be successfully raised under Punjab conditions during winter season which fetches higher price in the market and economical to the farmers when there is no availability of green pods from high altitude. It is widely cultivated in tropics, sub-tropics and temperate regions. When bean plant infected by fungal, bacterial or any other pathogen, different alternations are observed. The present study was carried out in the department of Botany, Darrang college to compare the biochemical changes occurring in bean plants growing in normal soil, and sterilized soil mixed with fungus Rhizoctonia solani.

Authors : 
Nikita Deka, Rajashree Bordoloi and Dipanjali Devi : PG Department of Botany, Darrang College, Tezpur, Assam, India
Phatik Tamuli : Lanka Mahavidyalaya, Hojai, Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.8

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Hepatoprotective Plants used in Ayurveda System- A Review

By: Jyothi S.T , Niranjan M.H

Page No : 83-91

Abstract
Liver is an essential organ of our body. Bile secretion, detoxification, metabolism of fat and carbohydrates, storage of proteins, vitamins, iron and glycogen are the vital functions of the liver. Liver involves the biochemical pathways like supply of nutrients, growth, reproduction and production of energy. Liver injury is caused by certain antibiotics, carbontetrachloride, chemotherapeutic agents, thioacetamide, chronic alcohol consumption, antitubercular drugs, autoimmune diseases and microbes. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents are used as drugs but they have adverse effects. Though these are developments in allopathy, there is no effective medicine that enhances hepatic function and protects liver. In Ayurveda system, plant materials have been used to protect liver injuries. Herbal medicines have gained popularity because they are easily available, safe, efficient and cost effective. The current research work laid down avenues to the production of novel herbal medicines for jaundice and reports the work on Ayurveda plants that have been proved and tested in hepatotoxicity.

Authors :
Jyothi S.T : Research Scholar,Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Shivagangotri, Davangere University, Davangere
Niranjan M.H : Associate Professor, Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Shivagangotri, Davangere University, Davangere.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.9

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Effect of Various Solvents Extraction on the Antioxidant and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Activities of the Tamarind Leaves (Tamarindus indica L.)

By: Khushbu Dalwadi , V. H.Patel

Page No : 93-99

Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are major causes of illness and death all over the world. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying polarity solvents on the extraction of tamarind leaves antioxidant polyphenols and in vitro aldose reductase inhibition. In all the extracts, total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidant activities, and in vitro aldose reductase inhibition activity were measured. Distilled water extract had the highest phenolic content, flavonoid content, DPPH-RSA, ABTS-RSA, and aldose reductase inhibition among all the extracts while the aqueous methanol extract showed the highest FRAP value among all the extracts. A positive Pearson’s correlation existed between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities. Significant Pearson’s correlation was found between aldose reductase and polyphenol compounds. Overall, distilled water was the most effective solvent for polyphenol extraction and had the highest aldose reductase inhibition of all the tamarind leaves solvents. Thus, tamarind leaves can be used as nutraceuticals to show beneficial effects to minimize diabetic secondary complications.

Authors :
Khushbu Dalwadi and V.H. Patel : Laboratory of Foods and Nutrition, P. G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.10

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Ethno-medicinally Important Plants Utilized in Therapeutic Remedies on Various Ailments Found in Different Tribes of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India

By: Vijaykumar P. Patil , Dhale D. A. , Mayuri C. Rathod

Page No : 101-112

Abstract
The forest areas in Union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (U.T.’s of DNH) has a wide variety of flora available, which contains several medicinal values known to the local tribes. Hence, it was thought of interest to survey the area for such plants and study their therapeutic values. An ethnomedicinal survey at a different remote area among the local communities of forest was carried out and details of the plants used in the folk medicine in Dadra and Nagar Haveli is presented in this work. Ethnobotanical surveys were made frequently for few years in favorable seasons of plants. Plants were identified by experts or by using established Flora. Details tabulated enumeration of 29 Genera with 30 Species belonging to 19 Angiosperm families have been studied. The verbal data of medicinal practices by tribals during survey has been gathered to record the plants being used traditionally by tribes to treat common human ailments such as common cold, fever, headache, hair and cutaneous eruptions, dental problems, complications in digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, orthopedic and venomous bites, etc. The information on ethnomedicinal uses of plants has been presented with their scientific names, habits, local name with site, present status, plant parts used in treatment with suitable methods. The plants with ethnobotanical value identified in this study needs immediate conservation, plantation and rearing of endangered species at their natural habitats or also farming to local level.

Authors :
Vijaykumar P. Patil : Department of Botany, M. G. Science Institute, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Dhale D. A. : Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.S.’s, L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule, India
Mayuri C. Rathod : Bio-technology Department, Veer Narmad South Gujrat University, Udhna-magdalla road, Surat, Gujarat, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.11

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Morphological Diversity of an Underutilized and Wild Edible Fruit (Cordia) Species in Three Districts of Bastar Region of Chhattisgarh, India

By: Neeta Dandsena , Sharad Nema

Page No : 113-122

Abstract
The multipurpose deciduous tree Cordia dichotoma belongs to the family Boraginaceae and it is variously called as Glueberry, Goonda, Lasora and locally as ‘Bohaar’ in Bastar (Chhattisgarh). The diversity in morphological traits in Cordia species were marked and identified at different locations of three districts of Bastar region to assess phenotypic morphological variation and to estimate genotypic and phenotypic variability for various morphological traits of fruits for future use. The quantitative traits like fruit weight, length, and diameter are important quality traits in many horticultural crops are used in genetic diversity studies. The underutilized fruits are advantageous crops being hardy in nature and tolerate extreme climatic conditions and possess high potential to provide nutritional and social benefits. The present investigation is performed for the identification, morphological analysis and diversity exploration with respect to food value of underutilized and wild edible fruit Cordia dichotoma found in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. A Total of ten numbers of representative trees of Cordia species from each district were selected for morphological and silvicultural studies. It is found that genotype of Cordia has morphological variations in the region. Two species of Cordia i.e., Cordia obliqua and Cordia dichotoma were taken for the study. This study revealed that source/provenance Jagdalpur and Dantewada had Cordia species with better fruit size than district Kondagaon source, also morphological variations of Cordia species in different sources or provenance with respect to fruit fresh weight, pulp weight, peel weight, pulp and peel ratio revealed that Cordia dichotoma G. Forst has better fruit size and pulp percentage.

Authors :
Neeta Dandsena and Sharad Nema : School of Studies (Forestry and Wildlife), Shaheed Mahendra Karma Vishwavidyalaya, Bastar, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.12

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Comparative Floristic Analysis of Angiosperms of Bundi District– A Part of Haroti Plateau (Rajasthan)

By: O. P. Sharma

Page No : 123-131

Abstract
Plant diversity plays an important role in the life of human beings, by way of providing many valuables produces. They help in maintaining the biodiversity in an ecosystem. Abundant species diversity is essential for wealth of natural ecosystems and environment of the area. The present paper highlights comprehensive data on the current status of angiosperms diversity of Bundi district. The flora of Bundi comprises 629 species of angiosperms belonging to 381 genera under 104 families. The area shows much diversity of geographical forms and ecosystem ranges. This district is rich in scenic beauty and biodiversity. The ten dominant families of the area have been compared with those of adjacent areas as well as Upper-gangetic plain, North Gujrat and Delhi. The present work provides comparative analysis among angiosperms families, genera and species.

Author :
O. P. Sharma : Professor, Head Department of Botany, Government College, Bundi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.13

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Effect of FYM, Phosphorus and PSB on Growth and Productivity of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] as Influenced by Different Levels of FYM, Phosphorus and PSB

By: Prahlad Ram Raiger , Ram Hari Meena , Hanuman Prasad Parewa , Ummed Singh , Gajanand Jat , Devendra Jain , Laxmi Narayan Mahawer , Subhash Chand Meena , Azad Mordia , Uma Nath Shukla

Page No : 133-139

Abstract
Nutrient management has been a major constraint in mungbean cultivation, resulting in huge economic losses to farmers. Field experiments for two consecutive years were conducted at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture, Jodhpur to evaluate the effects of different levels of Farm Yard Manure (FYM), phosphorus and bio-inoculants on growth and yield performance of mungbean during 2019 and 2020. The results revealed that application of FYM @5 t ha-1 significantly enhanced plant height, dry matter accumulation, seed and stover yield as compared to without application of FYM. Meanwhile, aggregate levels of phosphorus up to 100% resulted significantly increased in all growth parameters, seed and stover yield as compared to control. Similarly, significant enhancement in growth parameters, seed and stover yields was observed with seed inoculation either with Enterobacter cloacae or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens over no-inoculation during 2019 and 2020, respectively.

Authors :
Prahlad Ram Raiger,Gajanand Jat ​​, Subhash Chand Meena and Ram Hari Meena : Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Uma Nath Shukla : College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Hanuman Prasad Parewa : College of Agriculture, Sumerpur, Pali, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Ummed Singh : College of Agriculture, Baytu, Barmer, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Devendra Jain : Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Laxmi Narayan Mahawer : Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Azad Mordia : Department of Statistics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.14

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Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Populations of an Endangered Medicinal Plant Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (Guggul) using Molecular Markers

By: Priyanka Vyas , Sunil K Jaiswal , Vinod Joshi , Bennet Angel , Annet Angel , Uzma Manzoor , Amarjeet Yadav , Ramesh Joshi

Page No : 141-152

Abstract
Commiphora wightii has massive economic value and a wide array of medicinal uses in both ancient and modern therapeutics. It has been observed that the number of C. wightii populations in Rajasthan are declining substantially because of anthropogenic activities in the form of over-exploitation for resin and fuel. Very limited molecular studies have been reported on the molecular characterization of Commiphora wightii at national and international level. The present investigation aims to assess the genetic diversity within and among different populations to determine the relationship of genetic variability with geographical distribution of Rajasthan and to offer genetic resource information for future meaningful implementation of conservation programs applicable for C. wightii. The present study comprised of 11 RAPD markers generated 37 loci of which two were polymorphic with an average 4.85% DNA polymorphism. The maximum polymorphism (33.33%) was detected for OPU-8 marker. Similarly, 9 ISSR markers generated 47 loci of which 10 were polymorphic with an average 22.11% DNA polymorphism. The maximum polymorphism (33.33%) was observed for ISSR marker 811P, 814P and UBC857. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient varied from 0.55-1.00 among the populations of Commiphora wightii using all the ISSR marker, while it ranges 0.20-0.95 for RAPD markers. The row dendrogram constructed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages or UPGMA with a SAHN module of the NTSYS software which showed a phenetic representation of genetic relationships as revealed by the similarity coefficient for all the ISSR and RAPD profiles.

Authors :
Priyanka Vyas : Mahila PG Mahavidyalaya, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Sunil K Jaiswal, Amarjeet Yadav and Ramesh Joshi : School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
Vinod Joshi, Bennet Angel and Annet Angel : School of Basic Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
Uzma Manzoor : School of Agriculture, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.15

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Natural Gum and Resin Bearing Plant Taxa in Telangana, India: A Qualitative Method of Data Collection

By: Sateesh Suthari , Omkar Kanneboyena , Avire Ramana Rao , E. Kiran , M. Tarakeswara Naidu , Sreeramulu Nallella

Page No : 153-166

Abstract
Natural resins, gums (NRGs) are the most extensively used and traded non-timber forest products (NTFPs) other than directly consumed products. The present field-based study reports the natural gum, resin and gum-resin yielding plants and the specific parts from which the products extract from plants by local people in Telangana, India. The result of the present report reveals ninety plant taxa belong to 63 genera and 23 families that predominated by Fabaceae with 36 plant taxa, followed by Malvaceae (12 spp.), Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rubiaceae (5 spp. each), Arecaceae (Palmae) (4 spp.), and about thirteen families with single species each. Telangana is one of the most important contributors and collectors of NRGs from Firmiana simplex, Anogeissus latifolia, Cochlospermum religiosum and Boswellia serrata in India to generate maximum commerce. The present study outcome can be used by policy makers, scientific community, forest authorities and local people for bio-discovery of plant-based gums and resins sustainably.

Authors :
Sateesh Suthari : Centre for Floristic & Ethnobotanical Studies, Department of Botany, Vaagdevi Degree & PG College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
Omkar Kanneboyena and Avire Ramana Rao : Department of Botany, Kakatiya Government College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
E. Kiran : Department of Botany, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, India.
M. Tarakeswara Naidu : Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Sreeramulu Nallella : Department of Botany, Kakatiya Mahila Degree & PG College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.16

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Evaluation of Aeromycoflora of Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College Library, Thane, Maharashtra, India

By: Aasawari A. Tak , Umesh B. Kakde , Bhushan Langi , Chaitali Patil , Sarita Hajirnis

Page No : 167-171

Abstract
Fungi with wide range of diverse group are the primary component of environment. Environmental conditions like humidity, temperature, light, moisture are some major factors for their sustainable growth and diversity. The cellulite activity causes the maximum deterioration to library books, covers, materials, binding of papers. Fungal spores also known for many allergic diseases like respiratory syndromes, allergy to the library workers, members and readers. As library is the basic source of most of the cellulosic fungi, as it provides ambient temperature and moisture for their proliferation. The study investigated at the two different intervals of weeks in a month. In this study it revealed that resulted the most abundant species were: Aspergillus spp. (32.3%), spp. (13.8%), Alternaria spp. (23%), Cladosporium sp. (4.6%), Trichoderma species (7%), Chaetomium (1.2%) etc.

Authors :
Aasawari A. Tak, Chaitali Patil and Sarita Hajirnis : Department of Botany, Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Thane, Mumbai, India
Umesh B. Kakde : Department of Botany, The Institute of Science, Mumbai, India.
Bhushan Langi : Department of Chemistry, Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Thane, Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.17

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Nobel Gold Nanoparticle Fabrication using the Eco-friendly Technique

By: Vadiraj B Tangod

Page No : 173-181

Abstract
Fabrication of Nobel gold nanoparticles using green nanotechnology and eco-friendly chemistry is carried out with Cupressus sempervirens leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. This technology helps us to reduce the use of toxic reducing reagents and is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and large-scale production is possible due to the abundant availability of greenery products. This would take science and technology to a rapid and amazing advancement in the production of agricultural and industrial products, improved and durable materials. In this communication, we approached the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Cupressus sempervirens extract, which contains phytochemicals that reduce the gold salt into gold nanoparticles. These phytochemicals are not hazardous to human health. So, gold nanoparticles are used in new drugs for chronic and dreaded diseases like cancer, as an antibiotic, immunity booster, and in many industrial applications. Further, characterised and synthesised molecules are tested for their stability with various components like temperature, time, and reaggregation.

Author :
Vadiraj B Tangod : Associate Professor and Head of Department of Physics, Government First Grade College for Women’s College Opposite to R N Shetty Stadium Office, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.18

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A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities of Callistemon viminalis

By: Priyanka Namdeo , Hemant K Sharma

Page No : 183-195

Abstract
Callistemon viminalis belongs to the family Myrtaceae and also known as bottlebrush which is or found throughout in India. It has a remarkable place in Ayurvedic medicine of India, due to presence of phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities. Callistemon species as a farm tree are planted for forestry or ornamental purposes and for weed as well. In traditional Chinese medicines, C. viminalis is used for treating hemorrhoids. Hot drink locally ‘tea’ in Jamaica from C. viminalis has been used for the treatment of gastroenteritis, diarrhea and skin infections. The phytochemical research carried out on C. viminalis extracts and showed that the plant is rich in phenolics, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, tannin, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins compounds. The investigated pharmacological studies reported the presence of anti-inflammatory, Alzheimer, hemolytic activity, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant property, anti-bacterial, antifungal and hepatoprotective activities in C. viminalis.

Authors :
Priyanka Namdeo and Hemant K Sharma : School of Pharmacy, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences, Sehore (M.P.), India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.19

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Conservation and Large Scale Propagation of a Valuable Ornamental Aquatic Plant, Echinodorus argentinensis Rataj through Micropropagation

By: Sheeja George E , Aneykutty Joseph , Alphy Korath

Page No : 197-202

Abstract
A protocol was standardized for large scale propagation through multiple shoot proliferation from the basal buds of Echinodorus argentinensis, an ornamental aquatic plant. Explants were treated for 15 minutes with commercial bleach (containing 0.825% Sodium hypochlorite as active ingredient) which was diluted with distilled water to a concentration of 15%; and were then dipped for a second in 100% ethanol to obtain axenic cultures. The axenic basal buds initiated shoot formation within a week when cultured on full strength Murashige & Skoog medium (MS medium) supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Number of shoots produced per explant was maximum (2.5672 shoots per explant p< 0.05) on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. Shoots were elongated considerably in all the media tried for shoot multiplication and maximum elongation (2.87 cm, p< 0.05) of the in vitro developed shoots was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.1 mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Root regeneration was observed on all the shoot regeneration media and the highest number of roots/shoot (3.4568 roots per shoot) was obtained on MS medium devoid of any kind of plant growth regulators. The plantlets developed in vitro were subjected to acclimatization procedure and were finally planted in the aquarium. The protocol is ready for commercialization.

Authors :
Sheeja George E : Post Graduate Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College, Cherthala, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India.
Aneykutty Joseph : Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, India
Alphy Korath : School of Management & Entrepreneurship, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.20

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Nutritional Values and Antioxidant Activity of Wild and Cultivated Banana Pseudostems from Manipur, North Eastern India

By: Thokchom Sonia Devi , Padmaraj Gajurel , Sorokhaibam Sureshkumar Singh

Page No : 203-211

Abstract
Young and fresh banana pseudostems of (Musa sp.) locally known as “Laphu” (Manipuri) are sold in the local markets and consumed as a common vegetable in Manipur. Despite high economic value and consumption, the nutritional values of banana pseudostems have not been studied. The present study evaluated the nutritional values and antioxidant activity of four highly consumed banana pseudostems [MN13 (Meitei Hei), MN14 (Maring Hei), MN15 (Ningol Hei) and MN20 (Ching Laphu)] found in different parts of Manipur. Two of the cultivated banana pseudostems (MN13 and MN15) were identified as Musa acuminata, MN14 as Musa hybrid cultivar and MN20 as Musa balbisiana of the family Musaceae. The total sugar (0.99 %), reducing sugar (0.57 %), starch (39.22%) and amino acid (23.94 μg/mg) contents were recorded highest in MN14. Non-reducing sugar (0.57 %), crude protein (12.84 %), ash content (30.63%), total phenolic content (23.31 ug GAE/mg) and flavonoid (15μg RE/mg) were found highest in MN20. Among minerals, the highest values of N content was recorded in MN20 (2.05%), P in MN13 (400.78 mg/100g), K in MN14 (42.88 mg/100g) and Na (1.14 mg/100g) in MN15. The antioxidant properties of the pseudostems were found to be very low in all samples as compared to cow pea (31.56%), ascorbic acid (65.86%) and gallic acid (69.2%). The present study reveals that the two banana pseudostems, MN14 (Musa hybrid cultivar) and MN20 (Musa balbisiana) were found to possess the highest nutritional contents based on mineral and dietary values. Further, studies may lead to the development of a suitable management strategy for conservation and sustainable utilization of MN20 as an important vegetable in the future.

Authors :
Thokchom Sonia Devi and Padmaraj Gajurel : Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Sorokhaibam Sureshkumar Singh : Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.21

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An Overview on Ethnomedicinal Uses of Aloe vera Plant

By: Ushashee Mandal , Swagat Kumar Mallick , Binod Kumar Mohapatra , Gyanranjan Mahalik

Page No : 213-217

Abstract
Plants are utilized as nutrition, medicine, livestock farming, and construction material. A medicinal plant contains unique bioactive substances that provides a unique set of characteristics and purpose. Aloe vera is a succulent plant that thrives in desert and subtropical areas. It is utilized in Ayurveda, Homoeopathic, and Allopathic systems of medicine for its therapeutic benefits. People from many different cultures have used since a very long time, and among of its traditional uses include applications to lessen sweating, oral doses for diabetes, and treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Moreover, it is employed to treat oral herpes, small injuries, burn wounds, and seborrhea dermatitis. Aloe vera appears to treat a number of diseases because of its abilities to heal wounds, boost immunity, fight against diabetes and other diseases, serve as a laxative, and have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Utilization of Aloe vera in dietary, drug and corrective arrangements draw consideration for age of logical data. Focusing on the significance of organically dynamic parts moved by the leaves of the Aloe vera plant and its broad use, it has become basic that, the leaf ought to be handled determined to hold fundamental bioactive parts. Hence, therapeutic uses of the plant have explicitly utilized for medicine and skin care product.

Authors :
Swagat Kumar Mallick and Gyanranjan Mahalik : Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.
Ushashee Mandal and Binod Kumar Mohapatra : Department of Botany, Prananath Autonomous College, Odisha, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.22

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Pharmacognostical Assessment, Antioxidant Ability and Determination of Phytomolecules using GC-MS in Gloriosa superba Linn

By: Anupriya Singh , Ashwani Kumar , Dev Nath Singh Gautam

Page No : 219-228

Abstract
Gloriosa superba Linn (family Colchicaceae) is a tendril climber with cylindrical and V or L shaped rhizomes that has received much attention due to its ancient pharmacological uses and being a rich source of colchicine. The pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome were analysed to assure the grade of raw material in the proposed investigation. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic rhizome extract of G. superba (EREG) was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Simultaneously, we have evaluated the phytochemical profile of EREG by GC-MS and total phenolic content was performed as well. Transverse section (TS) of rhizome revealed thin layer of brownish scales that fabricate the outer skin. In addition, the cortical area made up of homogeneous fleshy and parenchymal cells filled with starch granules which is one of the superabundant diagnostic features of this plant. Pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome of the plant demonstrated the evidence of authenticity of this plant. Anti-scavenging capacity (IC50) and total phenolic content was 77.20% and 9.54 mg, GAE/g, respectively. The GC-MS library identified two phytoconstituents as diethyl phthalate (100% peak area) and arsenous acid, tris(trimethylsilyl) ester (22.68% peak area) whose vast benefits are reported in the fields of pharmaceuticals, industry and personal care products. Frivolous research work in the field of pharmacognosy, antioxidant ability and instrumental analysis for phytomolecules provides a vast avenue for research on G. superba.

Authors :
Anupriya Singh and Dev Nath Singh Gautam : Ph.D., Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ashwani Kumar : Professor (Retd.), Department of Botany and PG School of Biotechnology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.23

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In vitro Flowering in Aerva lanata (L) Juss. Ex. Schult

By: Nagaveni C , Rajanna. L.

Page No : 229-234

Abstract
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex-Schultz, is a medicinally important herbal plant with many medicinal properties like the antihyperglycaemic, lithotriptic, urolithic, antibiotic, antihelmintic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity that intrigued us to study and propagate this plant. As the plant displayed challenges in propagation by conventional methods, especially during the off-season, the in vitro multiplication method was deployed. During this experimentation, in vitro flowering for two consecutive years both during the on-season and off-season was recorded. L2 media fortified with 2.5 mg/L IBA, and 1.5 mg/L BAP emerged as the best media for proliferation and direct organogenesis. Resultant shoots were subcultured onto similar media fortified with 1 mg/L GA3 to get elongated inflorescences. As flowers and inflorescences are of great medicinal importance, these results aid in sustaining the plant during the off-season and find its application accordingly.

Authors :
Nagaveni C and Rajanna. L : Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.24

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Bio-Efficacy of Flavonoid Phytocompound Isolated From Acmella Calva (Dc.) R.K. Jansen

By: K. Priyadharshni , P. Shanthi

Page No : 235-243

Abstract
The phytocompound 5,7,3’,4’–Flavon-3-ol isolated and characterized through spectral studies was analyzed for its anticariogenic activity through disc diffusion method and In-silico analysis. It was carried against dental caries causing microbes such as Streptococcus mutans at different concentration (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μg/ml) of which the maximum zone of inhibition was noticed at 160 μg/ml. In in-silico analysis, the molecular docking of phytocompound was analyzed against 4 proteins of the pathogen which were retrieved from PDB database. The phytocompound 5,7,3’,4’ – Flavon-3-ol showed good response against all proteins. Among these, the highest ligand and protein interaction was noticed in 3AIE protein of Streptococcus mutans. The flavonoid compound was tested for its drug likeness and ADME/T properties. The results revealed that the compound accepted the three rule out of four in Lipinski rule of five. ADME properties and toxicity of the phytocompound showed oral bioavailability which are under permissible limit. From the present investigation, it was proved that the phytocompound 5,7,3’,4’–Flavon-3-ol is harmless and effect potent against dental caries causing microbes.

Authors :
K. Priyadharshni : Reseach scholar, Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
P. Shanthi : Dean of Life Science, Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.25

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News Report : 
​​​​​​​Acampe rigida (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Smith) P. F. Hunt: New Record for Rajasthan State, India

By: Jai Singh , Shikha Gupta , Manmohan Arya , Neelam Poonar , Smita Raskar , Amit Kotiya

Page No : 245-248

Abstract
This article deals with Acampe rigida (Orchidaceae) first-time distribution records from the state of Rajasthan. A brief description, phenology, habitat notes and photographs are provided.

Authors :
Jai Singh, Shikha Gupta, Manmohan Arya, Neelam Poonar, Smita Raskar and Amit Kotiya : Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.26

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Sep- to Dec-2023

Editorial

By: ..

Page No : i

Induced Morphological Viable Mutations in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L. Millisp.)

By: Asha Rani

Page No : 1-7

Abstract
To find the viable morphological mutations in mung bean seeds of two varieties of green gram (Vigna radiata) i.e. Narendra mung-1 (NM-1) and Pantnagar mung-2 (PTM-2) were obtained from Pantnagar seed department, Pantnagar University, Pantnagar. These mutations occur due to the toxic effects of heavy metals which were present in city waste water. This effluent was collected from the B.D.A. colony nalah situated near Gulabrai Inter college of Bareilly city. The concentrations of the heavy metals such as copper, zinc and lead were found 7.500 mg/l, 7.270 mg/l and 3.740 mg/l respectively in city waste water. Different concentrations (80%, 90% and 100%) of the effluent were prepared to treat the mung bean seeds.
In first (M1) generation the phytotoxic effects of effluent on different growth parameters were observed. The seeds of M1 plants were collected and sown on plant to row progeny basis to raise second or M2 generation. Different type of viable morphological mutations were recorded in second (M2) generation. A wide range of viable mutants on seedling length, appearance, leaf number, shape and size, maturity pattern , yield were isolated in the M2 generation. Synchronous, early maturing and high yielding mutants are agronomically desirable which may be utilized in future breeding programme. Spectrum and frequency of these viable mutants were calculated. It has been observed that frequency of viable mutation increased with increasing concentrations of heavy metals. The heavy metal treatment showed increase in induction of viable mutation frequency and it reached to 3.255 in 100% ZnSO4 in PTM-2.

Author :
Asha Rani : Ph. D, Department of Botany, Bareilly College, Bareilly, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.1

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Depiction and Annotation of Hypothetical Proteins from Oryza sativa L. by Relative Screening in Seek of Rare and Nifty Proteins

By: Arpita Banerjee , Monali Bhattacharjee , Debapriya Das , Renia Mullick , Sujata Dhar (Dutta) , Debleena Roy

Page No : 9-19

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) of the family Poaceae has various genomes that are uncharacterized for their biochemical, biophysical, and/or cellular functions, are identified as Hypothetical Proteins (HPs). In this study, a comparative in silico pipeline has been used for the identification and functional annotation of 10HPs of O. sativa obtained from NCBI database. The structure, function, subcellular localization and interacting partners of the proteins were analysed along with orthology prediction to the hypothetical proteins of the data set. 90% successful annotation was done where most of the annotated HPs have functionally significant domains and protein superfamilies. Majority of the proteins were predicted to be Enzymes. Subcellular localization is a vital step for effective protein identification as subcellular localization of HPs elucidates their cellular mechanism. Most of the proteins were localized within the nucleus followed by cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria, plasma membrane, extracellular matrix. No signal peptide was predicted. Mainly, the proteins had their closest orthologous members belonging to other species of Oryza. Functional analysis has revealed the role of few HPs in both biotic and abiotic stress management in the plants. The consequence of this research may be beneficial for outlining general set pipeline or etiquettes for an improved perception of the function of HPs in physiological development of several plant system. The understanding of the structure and function of these important proteins and their binding sites would be beneficial in understanding their role in metabolic pathway and in docking studies for aiding in the drug discovery.

Authors :
Arpita Banerjee, Monali Bhattacharjee, Debapriya Das, Renia Mullick and Debleena Roy : PG Department of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, India
Sujata Dhar (Dutta) : Department of Zoology, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.2

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Proline Metabolism in Two High Yielding Groundnut Cultivars that Differ in their Drought Tolerance

By: K.V. Madhusudhan , C. Sudhakar

Page No : 21-29

Abstract
In this study, we compared the effects of drought stress on proline metabolism, glycine betaine and lipid peroxidation in two groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, K-6 and JL-24, that are droughttolerant and drought-susceptible, respectively. As RWC decreased over time, leaf dry weight values also decreased across all stress regimes and cultivars. In the leaves of both cultivars, pyrroline-5- carboxylate reductase (P5CR) was upregulated in response to water stress, while proline oxidase (POX) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH) were downregulated. These results imply that the induction of proline levels during groundnut development is associated with the elevation of proline synthesis enzyme (P5CR) and the downregulation of proline degrading enzymes (POX and P5CDH) that contribute to the plant’s decreased sensitivity to drought. Proline levels are greater in cultivar K-6 than in cultivar JL-24, which may be attributed to increased P5CR rates and less inhibition of POX and P5CDH. At all stress levels, the groundnut cv. K-6 accumulated more glycine betaine than the cv. JL-24. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and in cultivar JL-24 it was found in significantly higher concentrations than in cultivar K-6. Dry mass buildup and physio-biochemical responses differed across cultivars and were based on the intensity of the stress. Tolerance levels of these two cultivars were compared.

Authors :
K.V. Madhusudhan : Government College for Men, Cluster University, Kurnool, AP, India.
C. Sudhakar : Department of Botany, S.K. University, Anatapuramu, AP, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.3

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Starch-based on Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffold Incorporated with Bioactive Compound from Mollugo nudicaulis for Wound Healing Application

By: Mani Panagal , Siva Shankar Raj

Page No : 31-41

Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop nanofibrous scaffolds using starch and incorporating 12-(10-carboxydecanoyloxy)-12-oxododecanoic acid (Compound-1) from the ethanolic extract of Mollugo nudicaulis. Compound-1 was added to starch solutions at different concentrations (0, 20, 30, and 40% v/v) and transformed into nanofibers through electrospinning. The resulting electrospun fibers were analyzed for their morphology, size distribution, thermal stability, FT-IR spectra and wound healing potential. The nanofibers loaded with compound-1 exhibited a uniform morphology and had average diameters ranging from 76 to 98 nm. Moreover, the compound-1 encapsulated within the nanofibers demonstrated higher thermal stability compared to the free compound-1. FT-IR analysis revealed interactions between the starch and compound-1. Notably, the nanofibers loaded with 40% compound-1 exhibited significantly enhanced viability in HaCat cells. Western blot analysis showed increased expression levels of VEGF and PDGF proteins, suggesting that the developed nanofibers could promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation, thereby potentially accelerating the wound healing process. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the developed starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, incorporating compound-1 from Mollugo nudicaulis, possess potent wound healing properties by activating the VEGF and PDGF signaling pathways. Nevertheless, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to validate these findings.

Authors :
Mani Panagal and Siva Shankar Raj : Department of Biotechnology, Annai College of Arts and Science (Affiliated by Bharathidasan University), Kovilacheri, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.4

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Antioxidant and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Basella alba Leaves

By: Vimal B. Jayswal , V.H. Patel , Neeta R. Dave

Page No : 43-48

Factors such as oxidative stress and reduced acetylcholine level have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Green leafy vegetables exhibit neuroprotective activities by various mechanism, one of them being inhibition of acetylcholineesterase (AChE). Inhibition of AChE activity has been accepted as an effective treatment for neurodegenerative disease. AChE inhibitory activity prevents it from breaking down acetylcholine in the brain and improves acetylcholine concentration which leads to increased communication between the nerve cells. Some medicinal plants like Basella alba leaves (BAL) have been found to contain numerous phytochemicals with potent antioxidant effects. The majority of these component phytochemicals scavenge free radicals thereby neutralizing their injurious potentials on body tissues. BAL is an edible perennial vine found in tropical Asia and Africa, known as vegetables containing mucilage. The objective of this research is to estimate antioxidant capacity and AChE inhibitory activity of BAL. The total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, RPA) and AChE inhibitory activity of BAL were studied which results into total phenolic and flavonoid content of dried BAL was 664.49 mg GAE/ 100 gm and 950.52 mg RE/ 100 gm whereas total antioxidant capacity using FRAP, RPA, DPPH and ABTS was found to be 695.58, 429.17, 204.50 and 27.08 mg TE/ 100 gm, respectively. IC50 of fresh BAL for AChE inhibitory activity was 20.02 mg while that of positive control (tacrine) was found to be 0.008 mg. BAL have good antioxidant capacity and AChE inhibitory activity.

Authors :
Vimal B. Jayswal, V. H. Patel and Neeta R. Dave : P. G. Department of Home Science, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.5

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Selection of Candidate Plus Trees (CPTs) of Azadirachta indica from Different Provenances of South Eastern Rajasthan for Tree Improvement

By: Neetha. P , Subodh Dhonde

Page No : 49-62

Abstract
The present investigation was carried out in three districts of South Eastern Rajasthan; Jhalawar, Kota and Baran to select the phenotypically superior trees (CPTs) of Azadirachta indica and to study the variation of the phenotypic characters among provenances. Thirty CPTs each were selected for study from each of the three districts and the parameters tree height, crown diameter, bark thickness, Girth, clear bole height, Ratio of clear bole height and tree height were recorded and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The data analyzed for the CPTs selected reveals that both the Kota and Baran region have highest value for tree height, crown diameter, bark thickness, Girth, clear bole height, Ratio of clear bole height and tree height. The trees selected from Kota region is also having highest value of both crown diameter and second highest value of leaf area after Jhalawar region and the trees selected from Jhalawar region has the highest value for both Girth and bark thickness among other provenances. The data of this experiment can also be used as a base line data for using in further tree breeding and tree improvement programme of Azadirachta indica.

Authors :
Neetha. P : Assistant Professor, Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, CH & F, Jhalawar, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India.
Subodh Dhonde : Ph.D. Scholar, Forest Research Institute Deemed University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.6

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Flora of Series Inferae of Deoli Tehsil, Tonk District (Rajasthan)

By: O. P. Sharma

Page No : 63-67

Abstract
The paper highlights flora of series Inferae of Deoli tehsil (Tonk district) Rajasthan. The study is aimed to evaluate the taxonomic status of this series of the area. The observation is dependent on continuous collection tours of study area. Sixty-two plant species of series Inferae have been observed in this study.

Author :
O. P. Sharma : Professor, Head Department of Botany, Government College, Bundi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.7

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Documentation of Riparian Vegetation Across the Tungabhadra River, Vijayanagara District, Karnataka

By: D K Basavaraj , Raghavendra H , Mahesh Kammar , M. Siddeshwari , P Shivakumar Singh

Page No : 69-83

Abstract
The Thungabhadra river located on Vijayanagara district which having more Riparian vegetation comparatively other regions, the study reveals the majority of vegetation shows that among 83 species the dominant family is Fabaceae which is having 14 species (37%), 11 genus (15.4%) followed by Amaranthaceae 7 species (8.64%), 3 genus (4.22%) along with Asteraceae having 7 species (8.64 %) 7 genus (9.85 %). However, the present study finds that most of the commercially valuable, medicinal, and industrially enriched diverse species can be identified.

Authors :
D K Basavaraj, Raghavendra H, Mahesh Kammar and M. Siddeshwari : Department of PG Studies in Botany, Raichur University, Raichur, Karnataka, India
P Shivakumar Singh : Department of Botany, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.8

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Phytochemical Properties of Paederia cruddasiana Prain: A Medicinal Vine Used in Healing of Bone Fractures in Folk Medicine of Assam

By: Pronab Mudoi , B. K. Konwar

Page No : 85-94

Abstract
Kolialota (Paederia cruddasiana Prain), a vine belonging of the family Rubiaceae often used by traditional healers in Assam, India for treating bone fractures with sound results. However, there is no systematic research on the phytochemicals as well as on anabolic actions in bone healing. The study was taken up to analyze the phytochemicals and their biochemical activities present in the leaves of Kolialota. Results clearly refer to the terpenoids and flavonoids, which were found to be abundantly present in the leaves giving significant antioxidant properties. Among the tested extracts, methanolic extract was found to contain higher amounts of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidants. In addition, the leaf extract was found to contain the high amount of calcium (3993 µg/L ) conformed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive analysis. Further, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopic studies also confirmed the presence of certain phytochemicals such as lidocaine and 4 dehydroxy-n-tyramine that are associated with bone anabolic properties.

Authors :
Pronab Mudoi and B. K. Konwar : Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.9

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Mineral Nutrients Assessment of Selected Underutilized Yam Plants from Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh

By: Ram Chand Bhatti , Chongtham Nirmala , Sabir Hussain , Anand Narain Singh

Page No : 95-105

Abstract
This study was conducted on five wild tuber plants named Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea deltoidea and Dioscorea bellophylla belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae which are edible and are eaten by the local people of Hamirpur district Himachal Pradesh. Collected samples of the selected underutilized Yam plants from different regions of the study area were analyzed for their mineral nutrient content. Twenty-one elements were found: Aluminium, Barium, Bromine, Calcium, Chloride, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Sodium, Niobium (columbium-Cb), Nickel, Ruthenium, Rubidium, Sulphur, Silicon, Strontium, Titanium and Zinc. However, maximum K, Mg, S, Mn, Cu, and P were recorded in Dioscorea alata, Ca in Dioscorea bulbifera, Fe and Zn in D. pentaphyla. Based on the chemical evaluation, it was observed that tubers of D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. pentaphyla, D. deltoidea, and D. bellophylla might be suggested for commercial cultivation. However, minor information is available regarding its edible properties and nutritional requirements to the modem civilization. Present knowledge is not enough to generalize for all types of exploited plants available in the basket of the Himalayan region. However, it can be helpful to optimize more research to promote food security for humanity from starvation and malnutrition.

Authors :
Ram Chand Bhatti : Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali Govt. Post Graduate College, Kalka, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
Chongtham Nirmala : Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Sabir Hussain and Anand Narain Singh : Soil Ecosystem and Restoration Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.10

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Anticancer Property of Alstonia scholaris Linn Leaf Extract in MCF -7 and MDAMB -231 Breast Cancer Cell Line

By: Dhanakodi Shanmugapriya , Gopalan Jayanthi , Ranga Anantha Sayanam Rajeswari

Page No : 107-117

Abstract
Breast cancer is the major risk factor for mortality globally. Medicinal plant extracts were investigated as a potential source for breast cancer therapy. The current work aims to assess the intracellular ROS production and apoptosis induction by Alstonia scholaris Linn (A. scholaris) leaf extract in breast cancer cell lines. Column chromatography was used to purify bioactive components from an A. scholaris Linn methanolic extract. Fraction with a significant concentration of phytochemicals was utilised for further investigation. The results of DCFH-DA staining revealed a substantial rise in intracellular ROS levels in A. scholaris Linn-treated cell lines. The dual staining technique (AO/EtBr) was used to examine apoptotic changes. Treatment with A. scholaris Linn substantially enhanced the rate of apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, enhanced p53 gene expression, downregulation of Bcl-2 and BRAC1 genes, and reduced TNF-a and IFN-l concentrations in A. scholaris Linn treated cancer cells demonstrated its anticancer activity.

Authors :
Dhanakodi Shanmugapriya and Gopalan Jayanthi : Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College for Women, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
Ranga Anantha Sayanam Rajeswari : Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals Campus, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.11

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Diagnosis of Blight Diseases in Tea Leaves Using Hybrid Deep Learning Approach

By: V. Sujatha , Nirmala V , Simi Margarat G , Ravindrakumar Selvaraj

Page No : 119-128

Abstract
Identification of leaf disease in tea plant in early stage is important to increase the production. In research so far in literature several artificial and machine learning approaches are investigated. In this paper, a new deep learning method is proposed combining the properties of GLCM, CNN and RNN. The method was developed for the diagnosis of disease using three types of data of tea leaf samples. The complex features were extracted from leaf samples. The extracted features were feed to the RNN classifier to differentiate abnormal and normal cases. The Investigation for disease classification is undergone using different pretrained CNN models, reshaping and feature map setting is done. The model is trained with the help of the Plant Village Dataset consisting of 54,305 images comprising of 38 different classes of both unhealthy and healthy leaves. The disease classification accuracy achieved by the proposed architecture is up to 95.81% and various observations were made with different hyperparameters of the CNN architecture. The experiment results achieved are comparable with other existing techniques in literature.

Authors :
V. Sujatha : Department of ECE, Shree Sathyam College of Engineering and Technology, Sankari, Tamil Nadu, India
Nirmala. V : Department of ECE, Assistant Professor, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India
Simi Margarat G : Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India
Ravindrakumar Selvaraj : Associate Professor, Biomedical Engineering, KIT- KalaignarKarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.12

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An Effective Protocol for the Micro-propagation of Spiny Coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.)

By: Roshan K. V. Remesh , Jyothish Madambikattil Sasi , Biju Dharmapalan , Dhanya D.S

Page No : 129-135

Abstract
Eryngium foetidum L., a biennial herb, is extensively employed as a medicinal plant in many tropical countries. Its cultivation as a spice plant has gained prominence in India, Vietnam, Australia, and other geographical locations. Moreover, this botanical specimen exhibits a wide array of ethnomedicinal applications, encompassing the treatment of thermal injuries, otalgia, pyrexia, hypertensive disorders, gastrointestinal sluggishness, convulsive episodes, bronchial spasms, abdominal discomfort, helminthic infestations, reproductive impairments, snake bites, enteric disturbances, and malarial infections. The objective of the present study was to establish the optimal nutritional conditions required for shoot multiplication. To achieve this, axillary buds were employed as the explant, and various media and plant growth regulators were tested to determine the most effective regeneration method. Out of the various concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and hormones that were tested, the most effective plant regeneration, with a success rate exceeding 95%, occurred on a half-strength MS medium enriched with 1.0 mg L-1 of benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.1 mg L-1 of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), resulting in the development of 5 shoots per explant. Subsequently, these shoots generated in vitro were successfully established with roots (85–100% success), and they were then transplanted to an experimental field with an efficiency rate of 65%. Overall, this study provides an optimized medium for the micropropagation of E. foetidum.

Authors :
Roshan K. V. Remesh : Assistant Professor, Sree Narayana Arts and Science College, Kumarakom, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Jyothish Madambikattil Sasi : CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR), 14, Satsang Vihar Marg, New Delhi, India
Biju Dharmapalan : School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, India.
Dhanya D.S.: Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College for Women, Kollam, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.13

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Study on Secondary Metabolites of Some Ethnomedicinally Important Plants of Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India

By: Asim Mandal , Sandip More , Mithun Biswas , Sutibra Narayan Mondal , Souhardya Ray , Supriti Ghosh

Page No : 137-143

Abstract
Plant kingdom have enormous chemicals contained in them. From the very ancient time till nowadays, people utilize these medicinal properties of plants, for the treatment of many diseases. Traditional medical sciences like Ayurveda, Unani, and traditional manuscripts provide us with the knowledge of how different plant parts are used for the treatment of various diseases. Ethnic groups and indigenous people of rural Murshidabad district and West Bengal use these ethnomedicinally important plants for treatment. The information about the importance of medicinal plants is transferred from generation to generation since ancient times. The aim is to screen out the different secondary metabolites present in each of the samples. Secondary metabolites are not primarily used during the life cycle of plants but used for their defense or other activities. These secondary metabolites have several beneficial aspects on human health. The secondary metabolites which are screened out mainly from the angiosperm families, which are abundant in Murshidabad district. Out of 25 species of angiosperms 10 species are encountered in the Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. The plant samples are collected from the different localities and different parts are used, and extraction is done by organic solvents and distilled water. The extracted samples are then used for the screening of the secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites screened out from these 10 species are Tannins, Phenolics, Alkaloids, and certain Glycosylated forms. These secondary metabolites have been reported to have various health benefits like antiseptic, analgesic, nervous system regulation, antioxidant properties, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory activities.

Authors :
Asim Mandal, Sandip More and Mithun Biswas : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Krishnath College, West Bengal, India
Sutibra Narayan Mondal, Souhardya Ray and Supriti Ghosh : Department of Botany, Murshidabad University, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.14

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Exploring the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): A Wild Edible Plant of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh

By: Sumit , Gulshan Kumar , Sumit Singh

Page No : 145-154

Abstract
Urtica dioica L., commonly known as ‘stinging nettle’ is a wild edible Himalayan plant species that belongs to the family Urticaceae. This perennial herb grows in some pockets of Chamba district at an average elevation of 1900 to 2800 m and is locally called as ‘Ain’. The plant is used as great source of vegetable, fodder and herbal medicine. U. dioica L. cause skin irritation and itching when touched due to chemical compounds like acetylcholine, 5-hydroxy tryptamine, formic acid and histamine in the glandular hairs present on leaves and stem of the plant. The main objective of this study is to provide comprehensive information about phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of U. dioica L. to strengthen traditional knowledge of native communities. The literature survey on U. dioica L. has been compiled from various sources such as scientific database-Google Scholar, regional floras and other published research articles. Kingsdraw chemical structure editor software has been used to depict the chemical structure of various compounds present in U. dioica L. such as phytosterols, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, amino acids and fatty acids.

Authors :
Sumit : Department of Botany, Govt. College Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Gulshan Kumar : Department of Botany, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Sumit Singh : Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.15

Price: 251

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Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ocimum sanctum Leaf Extract and Applications in the Textile Industry

By: Vadiraj B Tangod , Namrata M

Page No : 155-162

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are synthesised using green nanotechnology and environmentally friendly chemistry, with Ocimum sanctum (Krishna Tulsi) leaf extract serving as a reducing and capping agent. This technique enables us to eliminate the usage of harmful reducing reagents while maintaining eco-friendly, cost-effective, and capable large-scale production due to the plentiful supply of greener products. This would accelerate science and technology forward at an alarming rate in the production of agricultural and industrial products, superior and durable materials, novel therapies for chronic and hated diseases like cancer, and plenty of additional industrial applications. According to the findings of this study, AgNPs from Krishna Tulsi extract have a great potential for usage as an antibacterial agent in the medical textile, food, and cosmetic industries.
The stability of synthesised molecules is examined using several components, such as temperature, time, and aggregation. The characterization was further examined using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Authors :
Vadiraj B Tangod : Associate Professor and Head of Department of Physics, Government First Grade College for Women’s Opposite to R N Shetty Stadium Office, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Namrata M : Associate Professor and Head of Department of Fashion Technology, Government First Grade College for Women’s Opposite to R N Shetty Stadium Office, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.16

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Leaf Epidermal Features and Ethnomedicinal Studies of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. from Semi-arid Regions of Barmer, Rajasthan, India

By: Vimala , Dinesh Hans

Page No : 163-167

Abstract
By virtue of its floral form and chemical makeup, the family Asteraceae is widely distribute in India. It is regarded as one of the most developed dicotyledonous family. In the Asteraceae family, the genus Vernonia has herbs and shrubs. In India, Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. is a widely distributed species. The plant has a reputation as a folklore remedy in several traditional medical systems. This study’s goal was to learn more about Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. leaf epidermal micromorphology. On the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of leaves, glandular and non-glandular trichome types as well as anomocytic stomatal types were identified as diagnostic markers by qualitative and quantitative analysis of epidermal properties. On both leaf surfaces, the epidermal cells were predominantly sinuous or polygonal in shape. The study’s objective is to assess the Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. plant’s therapeutic benefits among the local indigenous communities in the semi-arid areas of Barmer, Rajasthan.

Authors :
Vimala : Manikya Lal Verma Government College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India
Dinesh Hans : Department of Botany, SRK Government PG College, Rajsamand, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.17

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Studies on Effect of Salinity Stress with FYM on Growth and Productivity of Euphorbia Antisyphilitica Zucc.

By: Shobha Johari , Ashwani Kumar

Page No : 169-173

Abstract
Majority of east-coast belt of India is characterized by saline-alkaline soils. This condition is more serious in desert of Rajasthan. Hence, studies were undertaken to find out effect of irrigation with different saline concentrations along with FYM (farmyard manure) on Euphorbia antisyphilitica. This plant is a shrub, much branched, almost leafless and grows upto a height of approximately one meter. It has been reported to grow well in desert of Mexico and is useful to mankind in many ways like for biofuels, petrochemicals and for traditional medicines and waxes. Parameters taken for study were fresh and dry biomass, sugar, chlorophylls and hexane extractables of aboveground and underground parts. Our main emphasis was to study biomass production in saline soils which is a part of desertic environment of Rajasthan and by growing E. antisyphilitcia arid conditions of Thar desert can be improved. Experiments were performed in pots. Different concentrations of saline water taken for irrigation were – 0.125% , 0.25% , 0.50%, 1.0% and 2.0%. Fresh biomass and hexane extractables of aboveground parts were found to have a positive effect of saline water irrigation along with farmyard manure. Other parameters were also increased with different concentrations of saline water.

Authors :
Shobha Johari : Professor, Department of Botany, L.B.S. Government College, Kotputli, Rajasthan, India.
Ashwani Kumar : Former Head, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.18

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Phytosociological Study on Tree Species Diversity of Tribal Areas of Bichhua Tehsil, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India

By: Kavita Chahal , Naveen Kumar Chourasia , Babita Rana , Megha Jha , Rajendra Prasad Yadav

Page No : 175-181

Abstract
Understanding and evaluating population structure and floristic vegetation characteristics are crucial steps to reveal information about the relationships between distinct species. In order to evaluate the density, frequency, and abundance of the tree of Bichhua Tehsil, district Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India, a systematic sampling technique was utilized to gather vegetation data from the natural vegetation. According to the study, there are 27 widely varying tree species belonging to 18 families. The species with the highest Importance Value Index (35.36) was Tectona grandis L.f., followed by Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. with a score of 23.77. The Shannon Diversity Index (H) comes out to be is 3.244 reflecting the diversity of species in a given community and evenness is 0.98427. Such research would aid in identifying various levels of traditionally valued natural systems and planning for their better management with the ultimate goal of preserving biodiversity.

Authors :
Kavita Chahal : Government Model Science College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Naveen Kumar Chourasia : Department of Zoology, Government College, Bichhua, Chhindwara, M.P., India
Babita Rana : Department of Botany, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Matunga, Mumbai, India.
Megha Jha : Department of Biotechnology, R&D, Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal, M.P., India
Rajendra Prasad Yadav : Professor, Department of Geography, Government College, Bichhua, Chhindwara, M.P., India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.19

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A Study on Auxins, Cytokinins and a Few Nutrients of a Brown Alga: Padina Pavonica

By: P. Ravi , G. Subramanian

Page No : 183-185

Abstract
Seaweeds and the compounds they produce can aid in and improve plant growth. Comparatively speaking, they are less expensive and simpler to use than other bioproducts. In this study, the brown alga Padina pavonica was shown to contain growth regulators and specific mineral compositions. In this work, growth regulators including auxins and cytokinins were examined. The macronutrients found in Padina pavonica were nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The nitrogen content level was the highest (262.15 mg/g dry wt.) among the three macronutrients. The quantitative level of zinc was higher (125 ppm) than that of other micronutrients, such as Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn.

Authors :
P. Ravi and G. Subramanian : Post Graduate and Researcher, Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.20

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Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5°C: Global Biofuels Alliance Led by India at G20

By: Ashwani Kumar

Page No : 187-198

Abstract
Climate change is long term fluctuation in temperature, precipitation, wind and all other aspects of Earth’s climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a UNEP body formed under WMO is the leading international body for the assessment of climate change. For the first time in human history, concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), the primary global warming pollutant, hit 400 parts per million (ppm) in our planet’s atmosphere. IPCC has prepared a report on climate change, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Humanity will overshoot the Paris Climate Agreement’s 1.5°C ‘safe’ guardrail on average global temperature rise. The report suggests that if no significant policy changes are undertaken the world will be warm by 4 degrees Celsius, which is what scientists are nearly unanimously predicting will happen by the end of the century. Recently, during the G20 held in India a Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA), an India-led ‘field-to-fuel’ initiative to develop and deploy biofuels as a green pathway for energy transition, job creation and economic growth was initiated. Recent efforts have focused on the development of renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, and cellulosic biomass has great potential to contribute to the demand for liquid fuel. Algal biofuels are in the nascent stage of development. A review of the present situation shall be presented.

Author :
Ashwani Kumar : Alexander von Humboldt Fellow (Germany), Former Head of the Department of Botany and Biotechnology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.21

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Pteris vittata L. In Vitro Morphogenesis: Unlocking the Potential for Phytoremediation Advancements

By: Ritu Jain

Page No : 199-202

Abstract
Pteris vittata L. has emerged as a prominent arsenic hyperaccumulator, holding immense potential for phytoremediation strategies aimed at mitigating arsenic contamination in the environment. in vitro culture of explants obtained from rhizome, crozier portion of juvenile leaf and fully expanded young leaf of Pteris vittata L on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of auxins and cytokinin of all combination studied. In Pteris vittata L. shoot is formed in 2, 4-D plus BAP and NAA plus BAP combinations. Through an in-depth examination of tissue culture techniques and growth regulator utilization in the context of Pteris vittata L., this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable and effective strategies for remediating arsenic-contaminated environments.

Author :
Ritu Jain : Associate Professor, Department of Botany, G. M. Momin Women’s College, Bhiwandi, Mumbai, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.22

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Ceropegia Threatened and Less Known Genus of Rajasthan

By: Pooja Mangal , Yogita Solanki , Papita Choudhary , Shikha Gupta , Amit Kotiya

Page No : 203-215

Abstract
Ceropegia L. is a genus of tuberous plants and it belongs to family Apocynaceae that is comprised of 244 species worldwide. It is considered to be xerophytic because of its escape mechanism against the hot period by perennial tubers. Its tubers are edible and pharmacologically important mainly due to the presence of a pyridine alkaloid ‘Cerpegin’. Habitat destruction, over exploitation, anthropogenic activities and poor seed germination are major intimidations to the survival of this plant which have caused their decline in the wild and lead it to the endangered plant category list. This review provides comprehensive information on the distribution, taxonomy, phytochemistry, importance, IUCN status, and protocols for various in vitro regeneration approaches.

Authors :
Pooja Mangal, Yogita Solanki, Papita Choudhary, Shikha Gupta and Amit Kotiya : Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.23

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Study on Quantitative Analysis of Two Important Medicinal Plants Gloriosa superba L. and Celastrus paniculatus Wild

By: Santosh Sharma

Page No : 217-223

Abstract
Both the evergreen climbing shrub Celastrus paniculatus Wild and the perennial plant Gloriosa superba L. are members of the family Colchicaceae and have substantial therapeutic significance. There is a species of Gloriosa superba L. that belongs to the family Colchicaceae. Both Ayurveda and Siddha, two ancient Indian medical practices, as well as Unani, place a significant emphasis on the importance of these two. The purpose of this study is to get a deeper understanding of the nootropic effects of C. paniculatus, in addition to its phytochemistry, traditional use, and other pharmacological properties. The species Gloriosa superba L. and Celastrus paniculatus Wild are great examples of the historical and contemporary pharmacological value of traditional medicinal herbs. Both of these species may be found in South America. More study is required since the medicinal uses of these plants are somewhat varied, and their phytochemical profiles are quite rich. The results of this research highlight the need of better integrating natural resources like these with contemporary medical practices.

Author :
Santosh Sharma : Assistant Professor, Rajesh Pilot Govt P.G. College, Lalsot, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.03.24

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Jan-2022 to Jun-2022

Editorial
Climate Change and Health and Ayush : Curcuma and COVID-19 

By: Ashwani Kumar

Page No : (i-ii)

Price: 500

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Life of Govindjee, known as Mister Photosynthesis

By: Joy E. Block

Page No : 1-22

Abstract
This article presents autobiographical memories of Govindjee Govindjee, from his life in Allahabad (India) to Urbana, Illinois (USA). It includes his life in India, especially sections on his family and upbringing; his experiences in his adopted country, the USA; and a bit on his research life. For further information on Govindjee’s academic life, see, e.g., Govindjee (2019a) and Stirbet et al. (2020); also see messages on his 88th birthday and 20-years of his retired life in Eaton-Rye et al. (2020). This article begins with my prologue; the rest of it is an edited text based on Govindjee’s responses in a 2016 interview.

Author :
Joy E. Block : United States History Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.1

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Letter to the Editor
Frederick Robert (Bob) Whatley (1924-2020): Co-discoverer of Photophosphorylation in Chloroplasts and much more

By: Govindjee Govindjee

Page No : 23-29

Abstract
I present here a personal reminiscence of the life and research of Frederick Robert (Bob) Whatley (January 26, 1924–November 14, 2020). He was responsible for showing that chloroplasts are complete units for oxygenic photosynthesis and that ‘photophosphorylation’ is what is common between anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis. He had an innovative nature and exploited many biophysical and biochemical techniques to understand, in depth, the regulatory nature of photosynthesis. Bob Whatley was a self-sufficient, thorough, quiet, and confident scientist, but he was ‘self-effacing’ and never ever “blew his own horn”. My presentation is mingled a bit, at places, with my own thoughts – to give it a ‘personal’ touch.

Author :
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.2

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Curcuma longa Linn.: A Medicinal Plant with Therapeutic Potential against COVID-19

By: Anupriya Singh , Jyoti Singh , Gangeshwar Kumar Tripathi , Ashwani Kumar , Dev Nath Singh Gautam , Yuan-Yeu Yau

Page No : 31-63

Abstract 
COVID-19 had been declared a pandemic in March 2020. The disease has caused destruction all around the world. Symptomatic treatment, supportive care, isolation and experimental measure are the most important ways to manage this disease. However, 81% of the COVID-19 patients showed mild-to-moderate symptoms such as fever, cough, nasal congestion, fatigue, sore throat, loss of smell and loss of taste etc. Patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms may not need hospitalization because most of them will be able to manage their sickness at home through medication or supportive care. It will be useful to take both preventive measures and substances that boost the immunity while rest at home. Ministry of AYUSH in India recommended several approaches for preventive health care to boost immunity and respiratory health: following yoga and meditation plus intake of a few medicinal-plant-based compounds such as those from turmeric (Curcuma longa), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) etc., once or twice a day. C. longa has been one of the most commonly used remedy for symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Based on existing scientific evidences, C. longa has been proved to be a potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant source, as well as a medicinal plant effective for respiratory disorders. In this review, scientific evidence of C. longa phytochemicals responsible for pharmacological activities are presented using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models. This review also discusses the disease COVID-19 and its causative virus SARS-CoV-2.

Authors :
Anupriya Singh : Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Jyoti Singh : Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Gangeshwar Kumar Tripathi : Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Ashwani Kumar : Department of Botany and PG School of Biotechnology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Dev Nath Singh Gautam : Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Yuan-Yeu Yau : Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK, USA.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.3

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Standardization and Elemental determination of Therapeutic Medicinal Plant Volkameria inermis L

By: Thiripura Sundari U , Shanthi P

Page No : 65-74

Abstract 
Plants are the therapeutic agents, producing rich source of bioactive substances to cure all kinds of ailments. The main objective of this investigation was to standardize the leaves of Volkameria inermis L. as a source of effective natural medicine. The standardization was validated by physicochemical parameter, phytochemical studies and elemental analysis. The results of physicochemical study showed 6.75% moisture content, 11.2% total ash value, 0.6% acid insoluble ash value and 4.2% of water soluble ash value. The extractive percentages for various solvents are 1.2% (Hexane), 2.4% (Chloroform), 2.8% (Acetone), 3.8% (Ethanol), 5.2% (Methanol) and 6.0% (Water). The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of phytocompounds coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Heavy metals viz copper, cadmium, lead and mercury content were determined as 0.67 ± 0.000 mg/kg, 0.13 ± 0.000 mg/kg, 0.08 ± 0.000 mg/kg and 0.001 ± 0.000 mg/kg respectively. It also showed 1.59 ± 0.001 mg/kg of manganese and 0.29 ± 0.017 mg/kg of zinc. The results of heavy metal profile of the tested plant were within the permissible limits of the regulatory authorities WHO and FAO. Hence it is recommended that the Volkameria inermis L. is a one of the efficient natural sources to be used as drug.

Author :
Thiripura Sundari U : Research Scholar, PG and Research Department of Botany, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Shanthi P : Dean of Life Science and Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Botany, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.4

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Traditional and Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Wild Edible Mushrooms: A Case Study of Santali Tribe of Beliatore Forest, Bankura District, West Bengal, India

By: Soumik Chatterjee , Krishna Chandra Mondal , Sabyasachi Chatterjee

Page No : 75-85

Abstract
This study deals with the ethno-medicinal knowledge about different wild edible mushrooms in Santali community of Beliatore forest, Bankura district, West Bengal, India. This Santali community has extensive knowledge on mushrooms and can identify edible and nonedible fungi used for various purposes in their daily life. Two year (2018-2019) extensive survey resulted in the discovery of 40 species of fungi and its various uses by the Santali community. Mushrooms is a non-wood forest product which provide an alternative source of income for the tribal people. Santali tribe uses fungi for treating various diseases with different combinations. This study exposes the traditional knowledge on mushrooms of Santali Community.

Authors :
Soumik Chatterjee : PG Department of Botany, Ramananda College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
Krishna Chandra Mondal : Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
Sabyasachi Chatterjee : PG Department of Botany, Ramananda College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.5

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Biological Screening of Palmyra (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) Underground Sprout Extract for in-vitro Biochemical Activities

By: S. Swathi Lakshmi , T. Ponrathy

Page No : 87-90

Abstract
The palm tree, Borassus flabellifer Linn., is an erect and celestial tree with more than 800 diverse applications. It is the official tree of the Indian state, Tamil Nadu. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Palmyra underground sprouts. Palmyra sprout was also tested for its anti-inflammatory properties. All the assays were conducted on powder of boiled Palmyra sprout extracts in chloroform. The antidiabetic potentials were assessed using ?-amylase, as a target enzyme. Colorimetric antioxidation potentials were determined by phosphomolybdenum method. The iron-ferrozine absorbance at 562 nm was used to calculate the metal chelating assay. An in-vitro protein denaturation inhibition assay was used to assess the anti-inflammatory property. The Palmyra sprout extracts inhibited ?-amylase, one of the key enzymes involved in starch digestion and blood glucose regulation. The Antioxidant potential of the sample was recorded as 96% and Fe2+ ion-chelating activities of the sample was also detected. The percentage inhibition of protein denaturation in this underground sprout was evaluated as 91.18. These results show that Borassus flabellifer Linn. underground sprout extract has antidiabetic, metal chelating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and hence has a lot of potential as a natural health product source.

Authors :
S. Swathi Lakshmi : Research Scholar, Department of Botany, St. John’s College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.
T. Ponrathy : Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Botany, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.6

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Ecological Study of Blue Green Algae of Canal Waters in Alappuzha, Kerala

By: Jayasree S , Sincy Joseph , S. Sreeranjini

Page No : 91-98

Abstract 
In the present study five important canals of Alappuzha were analysed for algal distribution viz. Kottaram Canal, Alappuzha – Cherthala Canal, Commercial Canal, Vadai Canal and Uppootti Canal. Algae, the principle primary producers are photosynthetic thallophytes, usually are microscopic, unicellular and colonial or multicellular. The Canals contain different types of Phyco-components like planktons, benthos, epiphytic organisms etc. The algal taxa from Class Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae were found in these canals Totally 23 species of algae were recorded from the study sites. Among them maximum number of species (7 species) was recorded from Vadai canal followed by Alappuzha-Cherthala canal (6 species), and Kottaram canal (4 species). Members from Class Chlorophyceae were found dominant followed by Class Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Three among these canals were showed Physico chemical parameters at the favourable limit and two were rich in nutrients, because of the discharge of effluents from the industrial area which is Alappuzha-sherthala canal and Vadai canal because of the discharge of effluents from the industrial area which is Alappuzha-Cherthala canal Vadai canal.

Authors :
Jayasree S : Department of Botany, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulum, Kerala.
Sincy Joseph : Department of Botany, St. Stephen’s College, Uzhavoor, Kottayam, Kerala.
S. Sreeranjini : Department of Botany, Sanathana Dharma College, Alappuzha, Kerala.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.7

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Effect of Physiochemical Parameters of Water on Marine Macroalgal Biodiversity of Bhuigaon Beach, Palghar District, Maharashtra

By: Deepti Deshpande , Surekha Gupta

Page No : 99-102

Abstract
Algae are a diverse group of living organisms that are distributed in fresh as well as marine water bodies. Algae form an important part of aquatic food chain and food web and thus play an important role in regulating aquatic ecosystems. They are a good source of bioactive compounds, valuable food resource as well as potent pollution indicators. Taking this into consideration, an attempt was made to diversify the macroalgal species found on Bhuigaon beach during late winters in four consecutive years. Samples were collected during low tide, processed and preserved, herbarium specimens were prepared for identification of marine algae collected from the study site. Samples of sea water were also analysed for physiochemical parameters. A total of 08 different algal species were documented belonging to three different groups Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. Effect of salinity, phosphates and nitrates on algal biodiversity was notable.

Authors :
Deepti Deshpande and Surekha Gupta
G. N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.8

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Extraction of Plasmid from Low-density Polyethylene degrading Bacterium and its Transformation into E. coli DH5a

By: N. K Kotwal , R. B. Vaidya

Page No : 103-110

Abstract
Improperly disposed plastics are a significant source of environment pollution of which about 3% of plastic material is recycled while remaining remains as litter. Littering not only threatens wildlife and marine life, but also causes considerable aesthetic nuisance. The hazard of discarding waste plastics like Polyethylene, so called “white pollution”, is becoming more severe. Improper methods of disposal like burying or burning of plastic materials release harmful or toxic pollutants into the environment thereby endangering the biosphere. The persistence of plastics in landfills is adding to the growing water and surface-waste litter problems. This research was therefore initiated to isolate bacteria that can degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which is among the most frequent polymers found in the solid waste generated in urban areas. A total of 18 bacterial isolates were obtained that had the ability to degrade LDPE. 16s rDNA sequencing was used to identify the isolates. Further, based on polymer degradation potential of the isolates, one isolate Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CPO 4.206 was used for extraction of plasmid. The extracted plasmid was then transformed into E. coli DH5a.

Authors :
Kotwal, N. K. and Vaidya, R. B
Department of Life Sciences, Jai Hind College Autonomous, ‘A’-Road, Churchgate, Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.9

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In-Vitro Studies and Multiple Shootlet Induction in Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.- Ham. ex D.Don) Kuntze

By: Ruchika Dani , Mahavir Gosavi

Page No : 111-116

Abstract
An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shootlet induction has been standardized in Cyathocline purpurea, a medicinal plant. The nodal and leaf cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL BAP, 0.5 mg/mL NAA and a combination of 0.5 mg/mL BAP + NAA. Multiple shootlet induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with the combination of 0.5 mg/mL BAP + NAA using nodal explant. The shootlet thus induced, was 2.5 cm in length and had cotyledonary leaves on it. This shootlet was further transferred to another culture vial containing the same media. Phytochemical screening was done to check the presence of phenolics, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids using three different solvents viz., Petroleum Ether, Acetone and Ethanol. Antibacterial activity was seen against E. coli. Antioxidant assay was performed by checking the radical scavenging activity using DPPH.

Authors :
Ruchika Dani : PG student, Department of Botany, S.I.E.S. College of Arts, Science and Commerce at Sion, Mumbai
Mahavir Gosavi : Associate Professor and Head, Department of Botany, S.I.E.S. College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.10

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Rapid in vitro Multiplication and Biological Potentialities of Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks ex Wight

By: Boskey Pancholi

Page No : 117-125

Abstract
In the present study, an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks ex Wight, which is known for hypoglycemic efficacy, was achieved. Callus cultures from nodal explants were raised on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with Indole acetic acid (IAA, 0.5-2 mg/l) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0.5-2 mg l-1). Shoot regeneration occurred from callus cultures inoculated on a medium supplemented with IAA (0.5-7 mg l-1) and for root induction different concentrations of IAA (0.5-2.0 mg l-1) and indole butyric acid (IBA, 0.5-2.0 mg l-1) were used. Out of the various concentrations used, 2,4-D (1.5 mg l-1) proved to be better with 90% response for callus formation. Similarly, 3 mg l-1 IAA showed highest number of shoots (18.6±0.40). These shoots on MS medium supplemented with IAA (1.5 mg l-1) gave maximum number of roots (5.40±1.98). For acclimatization, pure sand, garden soil and soil + compost (1:1) were used individually. The sand proved better by giving the survival rate 80%. The hardened plantlets were successfully transferred to the green house conditions and subsequently to the open field conditions. Different bioefficacies viz. antimicrobial using Agar Well Diffusion method and antioxidant using DPPH and FRAP methods along with total phenolic content were studied and compared with those of in vivo.

Author :
Boskey Pancholi : Department of Biotechnology, University of Kota.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.11

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Measure Avoidable Loss Assessment due to Post Flowering Stalk Rots Caused by Fusarium verticillioides in Maize in Southern Rajasthan, India

By: Kalpana Yadav , S.S. Sharma , Tarun Kumar Jatwa , Suresh Kumar

Page No : 127-132

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to assess yield losses due to stalk rot in corn (Zea mays) after artificial inoculations through toothpick inoculations in susceptible variety ‘surya’ using paired plot technique in the southern districts of Rajasthan, India. Two field experiments were carried out in two different kharif seasons i.e. year 2019 and year 2020. Variety ‘surya’ were grown in field with 15 replications and inoculated with toothpick inoculations of Fusarium verticillioides. Samples of healthy and stalk rot infected plants were collected from each protected and unprotected plots, at harvesting stage. Result of field experiments revealed that rating and PDI were significantly lower in protected plots which are artificially inoculated with F. verticillioides, with average PDI 18.46% and Rating 2.84 in 2019, and of 19.12% PDI and 2.76 rating in 2020. PDI was significantly higher in unprotected plots that are 70.92 in 2019 and 70.94 in 2020. Significant loss in grain yield (gram/plot) was observed due to post flowering stalk rot (PFSR) in unprotected plots as compared to protected treatments were 23.66% in 2019 and 29.40% in 2020.
 

Authors :
Kalpana Yadav : Research Scholar Department of Plant Pathology, MPUAT, Udaipur.
S.S. Sharma : Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, MPUAT, Udaipur.
Tarun Kumar Jatwa : Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur.
Suresh Kumar : Research Scholar Department of Plant Pathology, MPUAT, Udaipur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.12

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Collection, Isolation, Purification and Pathogenicity of Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Disease of Maize Caused Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii

By: Poonam Joshi , S.S. Sharma , Pinki Devi Yadav , Sumit Kumar Yadav

Page No : 133-138

Abstract
Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB) disease of Maize Caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii is one of the most severe disease causing serious yield losses each year. In recent years, Rhizoctonia solani is fitting more prevalent in agricultural areas where climate change is leading to higher temperatures. We conducted a experiment in which, a series of fungal collection, isolation and identification from the infected plant parts. The plant showed typical symptoms like the disease lesion are characterized by the presence of alternate bleached area or zones, which are initially water soaked and narrow purple brown bends oriented perpendicular to long axis of leaves or leaf sheath. The infected isolates may be seen on the affected tissues after reinoculation and produced mycelia growth and sclerotia on both plants and culture plates. On re-isolation it was found that the fungus was identical to the original isolate. It was observed that the infection was much higher in inoculated plants as compared to control.

Authors :
Poonam Yadav, S.S. Sharma, Pinki Devi Yadav and Sumit Kumar Yadav
Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan of College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.13

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Pheno-biological Diversity of Leaf Litter Macrofungi in Some Forests of West Bengal

By: Gouri Das , Parichay Chakraborty

Page No : 139-150

Abstract
In forest ecology and biodiversity, macrofungi occupy important place. Apart from soil nutrients, pH, soil moisture, depth of litter on the forest floor, a number of factors influence diversity of litter fungi as litter decomposition is a highly complex process mediated by various fungal taxa. In the present study physical and chemical attributes of leaf litter from different tree species in the forests of Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal were observed and an assemblage of 11 macrofungal taxa belonging to 7 different families like Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Tricholomataceae, Omphalotaceae Marasmiaceae, Aphelariaceae, Psathyrellaceae have been found. These macrofungi were collected from Danga, Dogachhi, Kasiadanga, Barakasipur of Balurghat beat and Abhirampur, Asair, Erenda forestof Tapan beat. This investigation being the pioneering one in this area, also revealed high degree of host and part of the leaf specificity in some cases. The heterogeneity in the abiotic environment may have indirect or direct effect on the distribution of litter fungi in the litter profile. Interestingly, the occurrence of Aphelariaceae (Aphelaria sp.) was restricted to the litter layers of Erenda forest floor only. For systematic random sampling, field trips were conducted at 60 plots with 4 transects during summer, rainy, autumn and spring over last 3 years. All the collected samples were worked out thoroughly, identified and preserved in the laboratory. The data generated in the study will certainly enlighten the domain of mycological diversity of litter fungi.

Authors :
Gouri Das : Department of Botany, Balurghat College, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal.
Parichay Chakraborty : Department of Botany, Balurghat, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.14

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Seasonal Variation of Soil Fungi in Tea Garden, Mokokchung District, Nagaland

By: Asangla Kichu , T Ajungla , Maongkala Walling , Wati Temjen , Lydia Yeptho

Page No : 151-158

Abstract
Tea plant is one of the major cash crops in Northeast India and tea leaves is a popular beverage cherished as a part of a healthy human diet. Tea plant being an economically important crop it is necessary to understand the soil fungal population as soil fungi are key drivers of plant productivity. This present study is conducted in the soil samples collected seasonally from the tea cultivated area of Mokokchung district, Nagaland, India. A total of 60 fungal species under 26 genera were isolated from the study site and colony forming units (CFU), relative density (RD), relative frequency (RF) and important value index were calculated. The highest fungal counts were recorded during the spring season with 8.2 x 106 CFUg-1 and lowest fungal counts were recorded in the winter season with 2.7 x 106 CFUg-1. Highest IVI was recorded in Aspergillus niger (8.09) followed by A. flavus (6.58). Dominance of Aspergillus may be attributed to the antagonistic nature exhibited by these genera against other fungi.

Authors :
Asangla Kichu, T. Ajungla, Maongkala Walling, Wati Temjen and Lydia Yeptho
Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.15

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Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Spores from Industrial Belts of MIDC, Dombivli, Thane District of Maharashtra for Winter Season

By: Ashwini Deshpande , Mahavir Gosavi

Page No : 159-163

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the obligate symbionts, forming natural, beneficial relationships with higher plants. About 80% of plants are colonized by AM fungi which belong to Glomeromycota (Family - Endogonaceae). In soil microorganisms, AM fungi are commonly studied because of their capacity to support plant tolerance under polluted and toxic conditions. The current study deals with the exclusive survey of fifteen industrial sites from MIDC, Dombivli (East). The sites were investigated to study diversity of AM fungi with respect to rhizosphere soil analysis for subsequent spore density and identification. Spores of Glomus, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora were observed. The observed species were also detected in root colonization analysis, using standard staining methods. The spore density was highest for Glomus. The species recorded and identified from genus Glomus are G. aggregatum, G. albidum, G. australe, G. deserticola, G. fasciculatum, G. fulvus, G. geosporum, G. intraradices, G. microcarpum, G. multicaule and G. occultum along with species of Acaulospora like A. foveata, A. mellea, A. scrobiculata and Gigaspora margarita.

Authors :
Ashwini Deshpande : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai.
Mahavir Gosavi : Associate Professor and Head, Department of Botany, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.16

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Peptone Induced Pigment Production of Ganoderma lucidum

By: Mona Kejariwal , Sakshi Soni , Saloni Koli , Eeshrita Jog , Sayok Ghosh , Deepak Singh , Surabhi Parker , Tanvi Patil , Khushboo Chouhan , Akash Kushwaha , Kanika Shetty

Page No : 165-172

Abstract
Wood-rot fungi are known to be saprophytic, they are grown on most of the organic and decaying matters. These fungi have an ability to produce coloured pigments in in-vitro cultures when they are grown in specific growth media. The pigment producing capacity of such fungi depends on the composition and pH of media. Various coloured compounds can be obtained by changing the concentration of component of growth media for such fungi. The most commonly used growth media for in-vitro culturing of woodrot fungi are Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB). Current study conducted of Ganoderma lucidum, a commonly occurring wood-rot fungi, it has been observed that the production of pigment in G. lucidum was dependent on various growth media and their components. The fungus forms white patchy, non-pigmented colonies when cultured on PDA medium whereas it showed pigmented growth on SDA medium. Further, by replacing each nutrient component in the growth medium one by one, it has been determined that the component plays a vital role in pigment production by G. lucidum. It has been remarkably established that pigment production in the fungus is totally dependent on peptone concentration. Additionally, Nature of pigment has been studied by carbon and hydrogen ratio which has been in correlation with the substrate provided in the growth medium. The pigment obtained by the study were further evaluated for thermal and pH stability which showed promising results as pigment was unaffected till 60°C and there was no colour change detected with various pH solutions. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential applications of pigment obtained from G. lucidum as a natural pigment in textile and food industry by evaluating proper cytotoxic and structural analytical studies in future.

Authors :
Mona Kejariwal : Department of Botany, RD and SH National College and SWA Science College, Bandra west, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Sakshi Soni, Saloni Koli, Eeshrita Jog, Sayok Ghosh, Deepak Singh, Surabhi Parker, Tanvi Patil, Khushboo Chouhan, Akash Kushwaha and Kanika Shetty
Department of Biotechnology, RD and SH National College and SWA Science College, Bandra west, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.17

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Monotypic Grass Taxa in India: Taxonomic Implications and Conservational Aspects

By: Shailja Tripathi , Rekha Yadav , Dileshwar Prasad , Shubham Jaiswal , Gauri Saxena , Priyanka Agnihotri

Page No : 173-184

Abstract
The present study unveils an interesting group of grasses that are represented by single species. In India, 30 grass genera have been found to be monotypic, restricted to different regions of the country and the world. Eight of these grasses are known to be endemic to India with high endemism in the Western Ghats. Some of them possess a high economic potential and are being used as food, fodder and medicine. Few monotypic genera have also been included in IUCN red list and need special attention for their conservation. It is an attempt to document a challenging and stimulating group of grasses occurring in the country emphasising their distribution pattern, taxonomic features and conservational aspects.

Authors :
Shailja Tripathi, Rekha Yadav, Dileshwar Prasad, Shubham Jaiswal and Priyanka Agnihotri
Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gauri Saxena : Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.18

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Anatomical Elucidation of Leaf, Stem, Flower and Rhizome of Hedychium coronarium (zingiberaceae)

By: Kalpana S , Karpagam S

Page No : 185-194

Abstract
The anatomical characterisation of medicinally and economically important species of Hedycium coronarium (zingiberaceae) was done in this study. Anatomy of the Stem, Leaf, Flower and Rhizome were observed. Histochemical nature of the cells studied and presented in this paper. The species shows diagnostic anatomical characters such as Endodermoid layer, starch grains, oil cells are present. H. coronarium is an herbaceous, rhizomatous perennial plant, it accumulates essential oil which is used as a condiment, in perfumery, and as a medicine. The plant are also rich in phytochemicals and rich in antioxidants. Essential oil droplets and abundance of starch grains was observed under light microscope in thin sections of rhizome and stem. Some crystalline structures are visualized and are examine to further studies for identification and usage in pharmaceutical purposes. Anatomical characters of the rhizome in zingiberaceae could not only help in the identification of the plant species but also in authenticating plant materials used in medicine. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the morphological and anatomical characters of H. coronarium. And also to identify the various cell types that includes starch grains, oil cells, resins, crystals etc. for further studies.

Authors :
Kalpana S. : Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s college, Chennai.
Karpagam S. : Associate Professor and Head, Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s college, Chennai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.19

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Development of an Effective Sterilisation Procedure for Exposed Seeds from the Dehisced Capsule using Centrifugation Method and Successful Asymbiotic Seed Germination in Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L’Herit) Bl.

By: Rajib Borah , Leoris Malngiang , Nripemo Odyuo , Hiranjit Choudhury

Page No : 195-204

Abstract
Asymbiotic seed germination has revolutionised the commercial production of exotic orchids as well as conservation of rare and endemic ones. However, the success of the process largely depends on the sterilisation procedure adopted to disinfect the minute dust like orchid seeds. The present study incorporates the technique of centrifugation method to successfully disinfect the exposed seeds obtained from the dehisced capsule of Phaius tankervilleae, which is an ornamental orchid endemic to Northeast India. The seeds of P. tankervilleae showed 100% disinfection as well as germination efficiency (with 5% NaOCl and 8 mins exposure) with no risk of physical damage to the seeds due to the centrifugation process (4 mins at 4000 rpm under 4?C). Inoculated seeds showed the first sign of swollen embryos (PLBs) after 5 weeks of culture in Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium. PLBs obtained were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators for healthy proliferation and shoot multiplication. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L each of BAP and KN resulted in best overall shoot and root development. Therefore, the present study reports a simple yet effective sterilisation procedure to disinfect exposed P. tankervilleae seeds which is quick, easy and very efficient for mass scale propagation as well as ex-situ conservation of this valuable orchid species and other orchid species as well.

Author :
Rajib Borah : Division of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, School of Technology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
Leoris Malngiang : Division of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, School of Technology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
Nripemo Odyuo : Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Meghalaya, India.
Hiranjit Choudhury : Division of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, School of Technology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.20

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Appraising Physical Properties of Soil Under Different Prevailing Land Use Systems in the Sub-humid Southern Plans and Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan

By: R. B. Meena , S. C. Meena , R. H. Meena , Ramu Meena , Mahaveer Nogiya , R. L. Meena , R. S. Meena , Shiv Singh Meena

Page No : 205-214

Abstract
Information about the impacts of different land-use systems on the physical properties of soil is essential for the sustainable utilization of existing soil resources. The main objective of this study was to examine the variation in selected physical properties across the different prevailing land-use systems in the Sub Humid Southern Plains and Aravalli hills of Rajasthan. A total of 120 composite soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis from barren, cultivated, agri-horticulture, horticulture, grass, and natural forest land-use systems by four different soil depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm) with five replications. The two-way analysis of variance (Two ways ANOVA) was used to test the effect of different land-use systems and soil depths on measurable soil physical properties. The results of the study revealed that the soil separates (sand, silt, and clay fractions) were not differed significantly across the land use systems as the texture is an inherent property of soil that cannot be changed easily by agricultural management practices. However, soil depth was affected significantly to the particle size distribution under studied land use systems. The mean bulk density of the soil varied from 1.51 to 1.62 Mg m-3 and the mean total porosity ranged from 38.56 to 41.77%. The highest plant available water (0.362 cm3 -H2 Ocm-3 Soil) and higher moisture content at field capacity (34.55%) and permanent wilting point (10.57%) were recorded in the natural forest land use system. All the six land-use systems confirmed distinct effects on soil properties as the highest superior soil properties were observed under natural forest land-use systems, followed by grassland, horticulture, agri-horticulture, and agricultural land-use systems, whereas the barren land use was showed inferior soil properties. The result of the study suggests that the incorporation of tree components on agriculture, barren, and grassland systems could decisive to improve the properties and sustainability of the soil in the study area.

Authors :
R.B. Meena : Scientist, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Agra (U.P.) India.
S.C. Meena : Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
R.H. Meena : Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
Ramu Meena : Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur Shekhawati, Sikar, SKNAU- Jobner (Rajasthan), India.
Mahaveer Nogiya : Scientist, ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
R.L. Meena : Scientist, ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
R.S. Meena : Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research Station, Sriganganagar (Rajasthan), India.
Shiv Singh Meena : Ph.D Student, GBPUAT, Pant Nagar, Uttrakhand (Rajasthan), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.21

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Comparative Analysis of Manures and Fertilizers on Tagetes erecta L

By: Mansi Solanki , Sanjukta Rajhans , Himanshu Pandya , Archana Mankad

Page No : 215-220

Abstract
Nutrients are essential components required by the plants for their growth and development. The application of organic and chemical fertilizers creates different impacts on the soil fertility and on plant development. These components help in increasing the efficiency and effective recovery of the agricultural field. The components used, duration of application and the rate of release of these nutrients create the differences between the organic and inorganic fertilizers. In the present study a pot experiment was conducted for evaluating the effects of manures and fertilizers on growth of the plant Tagetes erecta L. (African marigold) plant. Four potting media were prepared, namely organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, cow dung cake and vermicompost. One set was kept as control. The study was conducted for the time period of 21 days.

Authors :
Mansi Solanki, Sanjukta Rajhans, Himanshu Pandya and Archana Mankad
Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management School of Science, Gujarat University Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.22

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Native Trees’ Resilience and Tropical Cyclones: A Case Study in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

By: Babita Rana

Page No : 221-225

Abstract
Tropical cyclones with heavy rainfall and gusty winds cause severe damage to the environment, infrastructure, and economy of the affected area. This study focuses on the impact of major cyclones on vegetation with special mention of native as well as exotic tree species, particularly in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and elucidation of cyclone resistance traits in trees. Data collected from secondary sources of information supports the evidence that tree devastation was more in exotic species than native species. In Mumbai, as per the recent Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation census, more than half of the 29.75 lakh tree population is of exotic origin. The most susceptible trees to bear the cyclone impacts such as defoliation, snapping of stems, and uprooting were Peltoforum, Gulmohar, Thespesia, Royal palm, rain tree, which were introduced to India hundreds of years ago. The common native species mango, banyan, peepal, and neem perform fairly well which underlines the importance of planting local species in cyclone vulnerable regions. The selection of proper plant species is very crucial to minimize the damaging effects of cyclones and heavy monsoons in coastal regions.

Authors :
Babita Rana : Department of Botany, G N Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Matunga (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.23

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Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Sustainable Tasar Silk Production and Soil Health

By: Soma Karmakar , A.K. Srivastava , T. Pandiaraj , Jyostna Tirkey

Page No : 227-233

Abstract
Tasar silk production is highly associated to natural ecosystem. Deterioration of natural ecosystem can directly affect the quality and production of tasar silk. Since regular use of chemical fertilizers reduce the fertility and total microbial biomass thus affecting soil health and productivity in tasar ecosystem. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Ranchi with an aim of improving the soil nutritional status using INM practices. The experiment was comprised 20 treatments including control which laid down in randomised block design with three replications. The soil samples were collected from each plot and analysed for different parameters. The study revealed that the pH of different experiment plots was acidic range (5.42 to 5.99). SOC was found to be higher in the treatment of 75% RDF with 25% VC + Azotobacter + PSB (1.33%) followed by 100%RDF with 2 kg/plant VC + Azotobacter + PSB (1.31%). The treatment T19 (495.5 kg ha?1 ) had recorded higher available nitrogen followed by T17 and lower in control. In case, the available phosphorus was found to be the ranges from medium to high (12.93 to 38.33 kg ha?1 ) in different treatments. In the present investigation, available potassium was observed in the range of 213.3 kg ha?1 ¹ to 513.3 kg ha?1 ¹ which resulted in medium to high range. All the micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) in the experiment were found to be sufficient amount. Overall, the treatment that integrated chemical fertilizers with organic manure and bio fertilizers showed greater response to increase in soil nutrients content. Hence, the treatment i.e. 75% RDF with 25% VC + Azotobacter + PSB could prove a better and viable for nutrient demand of Tasar culture.

Authors :
Soma Karmakar : Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.
A.K. Srivastava : Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.
T. Pandiaraj : Narendra Deva University of Agricultural Technology, Azamgarh, UP, India.
Jyostna Tirkey : Narendra Deva University of Agricultural Technology, Azamgarh, UP, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.24

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Scenario of Peach Cultivation in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

By: Jitender Kumar , K. K. Pramanick , A. K. Shukla , Santosh Watpade

Page No : 235-240

Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops of the Rosaceae family and widely grown in temperate regions of the world. The production scene, systematic cultivation and marketing of peaches could transform the rural economy in the hills of north-western India. Regional Center of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (Elevation of 1900 m AMSL) at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh evaluating the peach cultivars viz. July Elberta, Early Elberta, Snow Queen, Red Globe, Shan-e-Punjab, Sun crest, Glo Haven, Silver King, EC-174084, Paradelux, Saharanpur selection, Red Gold and Independence etc. cultivars are being produced and evaluating for behavioral, climatic adaptation, fruit quality and bud burst to dormancy stage (days ranged from 230 to 330 days in all available cultivars) at above research farm. During the study, the peach fruit average weight ranged from 52.06 to 129.82 g, fruit length ranged from 36.33 to 61.67 mm and width was 48.22 to 62.92 mm. The total soluble sugar content recorded in the above cultivars was 9.46-16.34-degree brix and titratable acidity recorded 0.24 mL to 1.1 mL/100 mL fruit juice. The thickness of the pulp was 16.02 mm to 26.34 mm and after drying 100 g of the pulp, 10.65 to 16.98 g of dry pulp was obtained. Stone average weight was recorded 3.44 to 7.61 g while length and width ranged from 21.49 to 37.09 mm and 14.61 to 26.27 mm respectively. The Pulp: Stone ratio of studied cultivars ranged from 8.79 to 16.41 while TSS: Acidity ranged from 8.6 to 52.70 mL/100mL.

Authors :
Jitender Kumar, K. K. Pramanick, A. K. Shukla and Santosh Watpade
ICAR-IARI, Regional Station (C&HC), Amartara Cottage, Shimla (HP), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.25

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Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Biological Properties

By: Jitendra Singh Bamboriya , H.S. Purohit , Gajanand Jat , S.D. Bamboriya

Page No : 241-248

Abstract
Soil microbial community keeps the soil healthy and fertile therefore their optimal presence is needed for sustaining the crop production to meet the basic needs of future generation. Therefore, a nutrient management trial was conducted to find out the best nutrient sources and their combinations which may improve overall soil biological health. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm soil depth after harvesting of maize crop during two cropping seasons. The samples were tested in laboratory following standard protocols. Application of PEC combined with 75% of NPK and bio-fertilizers inoculation is a good strategy to improve soil biological quality for sustainable agriculture.

Authors :
Jitendra Singh Bamboriya : Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Soil Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
H.S. Purohit : Emeritus Professor, Department of Soil Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
Gajanand Jat : Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
S.D. Bamboriya : Subject Matter Specialist, Department of Agronomy, KVK, Nagaur-II, Agriculture University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.26

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Effect of some Micronutrients on Biomass, Latex Yield, Sugar and Chlorophylls of Euphorbia antisyphilitica

By: Shobha Johari , Ashwani Kumar

Page No : 249-256

Abstract
E. antisyphilitica is a plant of bioenergy interest. It is a woody shrub tolerant enough to dry conditions of deserts. Earlier work on this plant revealed it suitable for soils of Rajasthan. This led us to study to enhance its growth and productivity so that its suitability for biofuel production can be ascertained. One of the aspects to increase plant growth is to supplement it with proper nutrients. Hence experiments were conducted with different concentrations of micronutrients manganese, iron and molybdenum in the form of manganous sulphate, ferrous sulphate and ammonium molybdate respectively. Plants were allowed to grow for four months and then harvested and analysed for parameters biomass, hexane extractables, sugars and chlorophylls. Biomass of this plant is useful as raw wood while its latex is a promising hydrocarbon yielding source which was extracted with hexane. Results found were very positive for all the nutrients and best suitable dose were find out for each micronutrient.

Authors :
Shobha Johari : Associate Professor (Botany) L.B.S. Government College, Kotputli.
Ashwani Kumar : Former HOD, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.27

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A Sample Study of Agricultural Development

By: Sharda , Dheer Singh Shekhawat

Page No : 257-267

Abstract
Agriculture plays a key role in the development of any region. The development of human civilization was possible only after the mankind started agriculture. However the growth of agriculture in a particular region differs based on climate, soil, rainfall and proper agricultural practices over a period of time. The present study attempts to highlight the development of agriculture in the study area during the last 20 years. Attempts are also made to find out the effect of modern agriculture on ecology and to identify the effect of environmental changes on agricultural crops (Kumar et al., 2018; Kumar et al., 2020). During present studies two parameters have been considered, i.e., (i) agriculture development based variables and (ii) social development based variables. Charkhi Dadri District is one of the 22 districts of Haryana state in northern India. District Charkhi Dadri is located 112.6 km of India’s capital New Delhi and 295 km of Haryana capital Chandigarh. Charki Dadri comprises of two sub-divisions (Charkhi Dadri and Badhra) and two tehsils (Charkhi Dadri and Badhra) and one sub-tehsil (Bond kalan). District Charkhi Dadri is located between 28.5921?N Latitude and 76.2653?E Longitude respectively (https://charkhidadri.gov.in/). In four blocks of Charkhi Dadri district, Charkhi Dadri, Badhra, Jhojhu and Bond Kalan. Charkhi Dadri and Bond Kalan block have good soil fertility potential (https://charkhidadri.gov.in/) while in Badhra and Jhojhu most of the area is covered with sandy soil. Agricultural and social development in four blocks of Charkhi Dadri has been studied and results are presented.

Authors :
Sharda and Dheer Singh Shekhawat
Department of Geography, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University (Jaipur).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.28

Price: 251

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Effect of Different Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients on Growth Parameters and Productivity of Black gram

By: Barkha Rani , D. P. Singh , Gajanand Jat , Shanker lal Sunda

Page No : 269-276

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assessment of organic and inorganic source of nutrients on growth parameters and productivity of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) cultivar “PU-31”. An investigation was taken up during kharif season of 2019-20 at the Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments comprised of four levels of organic source i.e. Control, (PEC1 ) Phospho-enriched compost@2t/ha+Foliar spray@10% vermiwash, (PEC2 ) Phospho-enriched compost@4t/ha+Foliar spray@10%vermiwash, (PEC3 ) Phospho-enriched compost@6t/ha+Foliar spray@10% vermiwash and four level of inorganic source i.e. control, (F1 ) RDF, (F2 ) RDF + foliar spray@ 1% salicylic acid, (F3 ) RDF + foliar spray@ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5%. The results revealed that all plant growth parameters, seed, straw and biological yield of black gram were found highest with the combined application of Phospho-enriched compost @ 6t/ha + Foliar spray @ 10% vermiwash and RDF + foliar spray @ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5% which was statically at par with Phospho-enriched compost @ 4t/ha + Foliar spray @ 10% vermiwash and RDF + foliar spray @ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5% during both the years and in pooled analysis.

Authors :
Barkha Rani : Ph. D. Scholar Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
D. P. Singh : Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
Gajanand Jat : Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
Shanker lal Sunda : Ph. D. Scholar Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.29

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Review on Plant Protease Inhibitors as Therapeutic Molecules

By: Sangeeta A. Godbole , Sopan N. Kharat

Page No : 277-288

Abstract
Plants contain several phytochemical compounds with capacity to exert therapeutic effects on human beings. One such group of molecules are the Protease inhibitors (PIs) which exert inhibitory activity towards several classes of mammalian, bovine, insect or microbial proteinases/proteases. PIs are polypeptides or proteins capable of forming reversible stoichiometric protein–protein complexes with specific proteolytic enzymes. This inhibits the catalytic function of proteolytic enzymes. Study of PIs is important to control proteolysis as it is the key to control the onset of several disease associated phenomena. Although initially, PIs were considered only as protein degrading enzymes, recent studies point them to be signalling molecules in biological activities.

In this article, various classes of plant protease inhibitors and their general mode of actions are discussed. The families belonging to the serine protease class of inhibitors (Serpins) are discussed in detail as these constitute an important class of therapeutically important molecules.

Data available on the use of PIs for treating a wide range of human diseases and disorders including the still incurable cancers is reviewed. Literature review confirms wide and successful use of Proteasome inhibitors (with similar activities to PIs) in treatment of haematological malignancies. Synthetic proteasome inhibitors are employed to inhibit the proteasome cascades and thus control disease onset and proliferation. Sharing the similar biological activities with the proteasome inhibitors, gives potential for the plant-based PIs to be experimented for similar uses. An attempt is made to report PIs from several plant species and their ongoing clinical trials to study their therapeutic actions.

Authors :
Sangeeta A. Godbole : Associate Professor, Head Department of Botany, Jai Hind College, Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Sopan N. Kharat : Assistant Professor, Head Department of Botany, SSR College of ACS, Silvassa, UT of DNH and DD, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.30

Price: 251

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Mitigation of Copper and Zinc Stress in Maize Plants by Inoculation with Azotobacter sp

By: Gopakumar Pillai , Soni Pinkesh Kumar Patel

Page No : 289-299

Abstract
Excessive concentration of heavy metals in soil affects the fertility and can have deleterious effects on plants and microorganisms thriving in the soil. With decreasing soil fertility and expanding population, the issue of sustainable food security is gaining momentum. Maize (Zea mays), one of the commercially important crops, is adversely affected by increased concentration of the heavy metals, Copper and Zinc. Plant nutrient requirements can be effectively met using bio fertilizers while reducing the dependency on chemical fertilizers. Azotobacter sp. has been proved to be an efficient bio fertilizer for a variety of crops. Two rapidly growing isolates of Azotobacter sp. (viz. Isolates A and B) were obtained from rhizospheric soil samples and their cultural, microscopic and biochemical characteristics were studied. Isolate A tolerated Cu and Zn concentrations till 0.4% while isolate B showed tolerance till 0.4% of Zn and 0.6% of Cu. Exopolysaccharide produced by isolate A showed 48% copper bio sorption. Both isolates exhibited plant growth promoting traits like IAA production, ammonia production and phosphate solubilisation. Tryptophan supplementation enhanced IAA levels. Maximum IAA production was seen with isolate A (41.49 µg/mL) followed by isolate B (40.55 µg/mL). Phosphate solubilisation was observed to be more effectively carried out by isolate A. Increasing concentration of Cu and Zn had a severe impact on germination and growth of plants. However, inoculation of isolate A and B supported growth of plants under Cu and Zn stress (maximum concentration 0.4%). Inoculation showed significant improvement in biomass content, relative water content and chlorophyll concentrations of maize plants under stress.

Authors :
Gopakumar Pillai and Soni Pinkesh Kumar Patel
Department of Biotechnology, Pillai College of Arts, Commerce and Science (Autonomous), Dr. K. M. Vasudevan Pillai Campus, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.31

Price: 251

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Minimizing Allelopathic Effect of Grewia optiva on Germination and Growth of Finger Millet Using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

By: Rakesh Singh , Yashwant Singh Tariyal , J.S. Chauhan

Page No : 301-310

Abstract
Interaction among plant species has both beneficial and harmful effect on one or both the species. It plays an imperative role in the plant growth and survival. Grewia optiva (Bhimal) is widely grown fodder tree usually grown on boundaries of crop fields. The plant is reported to have allelopathic effect on crop growth but its importance as a fodder tree cannot be ignored. The present investigation is carried out with Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (Pseudomonas FP-11 and Bacillus BS-10) in alleviating allelochemical (biotic) stress of Grewia optiva (Bhimal) on Finger millet. Due to presence of Grewia optiva leaf extract there was inhibition in germination, reduction in seedling fresh and dry weight, root and shoot length of finger millet in contrast to control. This inhibition was recovered with PGPR treatment of Pseudomonas FP-11 and Bacillus BS-27. The results indicated that the seeds inoculation with PGPR strains under allelochemical stress significantly improved germination, plant growth, vigour and chlorophyll contents of leaf. The root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight were also considerably increased by seeds treatment with PGPR. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas FP-11 strain and Bacillus BS-10 strain in combination could alleviate allelopathic effect of Grewia optiva on finger millet. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was observed replacing the use of chemicals in agriculture, horticulture practices. This is due to the emerging demand for minimizing harmful impacts and utilization of chemical products to the growing necessity of sustainable agriculture within a holistic apparition of development and to emphasize environmental protection.

Authors :
Rakesh Singh : Department of Seed Science & Technology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
Yashwant Singh Tariyal : High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
J.S. Chauhan : Department of Seed Science & Technology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.32

Price: 251

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Effect of Benzylaminopurine on Growth, Flowering and Postharvest Performance of Antirrhinum majus L.

By: Irfana Amin , Shabana Gulzar , Inayatullah Tahir

Page No : 311-314

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of graded concentrations of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the growth, flowering and postharvest performance in Antirrhinum majus. Plants were raised in pot soil culture in 25 cm earthenware pots. BAP was applied as a foliar spray at 1, 5 and 25 mgl-1 concentrations. Plants were sprayed at 4, 12 and 16 weeks after transplantation. For each concentration there were five pots, besides a set of five pots each for the distilled water control and tween control. BAP at 25 mgl-1 concentration was effective in increasing plant height, fresh mass, dry mass and the number of laterals; besides resulting in the early emergence of floral buds. BAP particularly at 1 mgl-1 concentration was effective in enhancing the postharvest longevity of spikes and blooms in plain water. The results suggest that BAP as the foliar application can be effective in enhancing the pre and postharvest conditions of Antirrhinum majus.

Authors :
Irfana Amin : Department of Botany, Srinagar Women’s College Srinagar, Zakura.
Shabana Gulzar : Department of Botany, Govt. Women’s College, M.A Road, Srinagar
Inayatullah Tahir : Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.33

Price: 251

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Effect of Salinity and Alleviating Role of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) for Improving the Morphological and Biochemical Aspects of Vigna radiata L

By: C. Janani , B. Sundararajan , Nagamala , B. D. Ranjitha Kumari

Page No : 315-325

Abstract
Plant growth hormones assume important role in the development and conduct measure in the plant. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of gibberellic acid on morphological and biochemical factors of green gram under salinity stress. This study was carried out to determine the outcome of salt pressure (sodium chloride (NaCl), 0–100 µM) on the development and biochemical exercises of mung bean. Pre-dousing the seeds with 5 µM GA3 was appeared to improve the harmful impacts of salinity in most of the cases. The results of the study demonstrated that NaCl treatment evoked the decrease in development attributes of mung bean plant by diminishing the shoot and root lengths, number of leaves, and all out region of leaves just as new loads of shoot and base of mung bean plants. Moreover, centralization of 75 µM of salt altogether diminished photosynthetic colors content incorporate chlorophyll; decreases sugars; protein substance; all out free amino acids; phenols; starch; all out solvent sugars; and movement of cell reinforcement catalysts of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, and catalase (CAT). In this examination, usage of grouping of GA3 (5 µM) lighten the effects of salinity to consider biochemical elements like shade content; decreasing sugars; protein substance; all out free amino acids; phenols; starch; absolute solvent sugars; and action of cancer prevention agent catalysts of SOD, peroxidase, and catalase.

Authors :
C. Janani : Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
B. Sundararajan : College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
Nagamala: Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
B. D. Ranjitha Kumari : Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.34

Price: 251

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Phytochemical Analysis and Extraction of Lutein using Column Chromatography from Tagetes and Aster plants

By: Bhakti Sawant , Vibha Gupta

Page No : 327-331

Abstract
The Asteraceae is one of the widespread family of Angiosperms and is well known for the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and other bioactive constituents. They are reported to have antifungal, antioxidant properties and thus have generated lots of interest in curing and preventing many diseases. In the present study, phytochemical analysis using ethanol, petroleum and chloroform extracts of Aster and Tagetes dried flower samples were analyzed. The phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides were observed in all extracts of both plant samples except tannins and anthraquinone glycoside chemical tests gave negative results in Aster plant extract. The dried flower sample of both plants were also subjected to column chromatography for separation of Lutein (a fat-soluble xanthophyll). Best results in isolation of Lutein sample were obtained using hexane: ethyl acetate (90:10) mobile phase.

Authors :
Bhakti Sawant and Vibha Gupta
Botany Department, G. N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.35

Price: 251

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