God has gifted many things to us and we only have to preserve these precious gifts as these are major and most vital things for all living beings on the earth for their survival. So, the well-being and survival of human beings depend on millions of species of plants and microbes which include species and varieties of crops, livestock and wildlife.

Biodiversity, which refers to the variety and variability among living organisms in our environment and the ecosystems complexes in which they occur is facing ecological catastrophes and within the next few decades it is likely to extinct according to the report “People and the Environment”, released recently by the US based WRI. Rapid loss of biodiversity is caused by the destruction of habitats of wild animals by man, hunting, overexploitation, using pesticides, pollution of water, air, noise etc. Several techniques, legal aspects and action plans have been implemented for the conservation of biodiversity. Biotechnology has also added many scientific and engineering principles for conservation of biodiversity and its impact has also been discussed. Biodiversity maintains ecological balance and evolutionary processes and it has become an importance topic for its conservation and management.

This book is a sincere effort of the authors not only for spreading awareness but also for providing information about the variety of living things existing in the environment and it suggests ways for its conservation and development.